Zefram Cochrane
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| Zefram Cochrane | |
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| Species: | Human |
| Gender: | male |
| Date of birth: | 2013 or 2030 |
| Date of death: | Unknown (disappeared in 2117) |
| Home planet: | Earth |
| Affiliation: | Starfleet |
| Posting: | Phoenix |
| Portrayed by: | Glenn Corbett, James Cromwell |
Zefram Cochrane is a fictional character from the Star Trek universe who invented warp drive in the year 2063, bringing faster-than-light travel (FTL) technology to humanity; although technology to travel faster than light was developed independently by other races before and since, it is Cochrane's contributions alone which are inextricably linked with warp drive in the culture of the United Federation of Planets, perhaps because his theories were so revolutionary, and because Earth played such a prominent part in the Federation's formation. He was born in 2030, and was presumed dead after disappearing from Alpha Centauri in the year 2117.
In the Star Trek universe, a nuclear war later called World War III lasted only a few short months, though 600 million people perished. In 2053, an uneasy truce was signed; around this time, Zefram Cochrane began construction of the first warp-capable vessel, the Phoenix.
On April 5, 2063 at 11:15 AM, Cochrane made Earth's first warp flight. His warp signature was detected by a Vulcan survey ship, which then made first contact with humans. Development of FTL technology (see: Warp Drive) was the Vulcan society's prerequisite for first contact with another civilization, a practice that continues through to the Prime Directive policy of the United Federation of Planets. Summing up the legacy of his achievements circa 2073, Cochrane uttered the following famous quote: "Don't try to be a great man. Just be a man, and let history make its own judgment." The irony of the statement was lost upon history: Cochrane's original purpose in building a warp drive was to become rich from the sale and license of its technology — a far cry from the later public perception that he and his colleagues wished to usher in a new visionary era for humanity.
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[edit] Actors
Cochrane was played by Glenn Corbett in the episode "Metamorphosis" of Star Trek: The Original Series, and by James Cromwell in the film Star Trek: First Contact. Cromwell reprised the role in a cameo in the pilot episode of Star Trek: Enterprise, "Broken Bow". A later episode of Enterprise, "In a Mirror, Darkly," uses footage of Cromwell from Star Trek: First Contact to present alternate historical outcomes.
[edit] Discrepancies and larger context within the Star Trek universe
Between his introduction in the original series's episode "Metamorphosis" (which first aired on November 10, 1967) and the eighth movie of the franchise, the character has been retconned in both origin and history. Originally a native of Alpha Centauri, he was recast as a Terran, and although it was not mentioned explicitly, originally Cochrane would have discovered the warp drive in his early thirties, whereas James Cromwell was about 55 years old when the feature film was shot. It has been argued that the intention was to make Cochrane's discovery "the achievement of a lifetime," something that a mature scientist might accomplish after years and years of research and experience. This entails significant consequences for the Star Trek timeline: First, Cochrane could not be in his late fifties by 2063 if he had been born in 2030; second, if he was, in fact, in his late fifties by 2063, it would have been quite unlikely that he would be still alive in 2117, when he disappeared in deep space. Cochrane's noted alcoholism may also have something to do with his gaunt visage. Another popular theory is that his age was accelerated by exposure to radiation in his warp experiments. Yet another is a simple case of historical inaccuracy, a result of erroneous records concerning Cochrane, or lost information during the 200 years between the Vulcan first contact and Kirk's time.
However, a provisional solution to this problem presents itself in the Star Trek: First Contact novelization, which establishes a birthdate of 2013 for Cochrane — based upon James Cromwell's approximate real-life age at the time, and which synchronizes the film's events with Cochrane's physical appearance in the picture.
Yet another aspect of Cochrane's character that has been retconned are his motivations. In the original series, no direct explanation is given as to what was on Cochrane's mind when he was striving to build the first faster-than-light ship in Earth's history, but the subtext leads to the conclusion that his intentions were noble at the very least. In Star Trek: First Contact, Cochrane reveals some rather selfish and petty reasons for building the warp engine.
Furthermore, the character's apparent place of origin was also retconned. In the original series, he was said to be from Alpha Centauri (though Doctor McCoy does refer to him as "human"), whereas in the feature film, he was human, and launched his vessel from central Montana in the United States. Furthermore, in the series Enterprise, Bozeman is said to be the city in Montana from where Cochrane "made history." In the FASA role-playing game, before the advent of Michael Okuda's Star Trek Chronology, and in all other known reference material prior to this book, he was described as being from Alpha Centauri, and not from Earth. This is also strongly implied in the episode "Metamorphosis," where the character is first introduced (he refers to Kirk and company as "Earthmen," implying he himself was not from Earth).
It is entirely possible, however, that Cochrane was born on Earth, but later moved to Alpha Centauri; indeed, the prequel Star Trek: Enterprise establishes that Cochrane disappeared without a trace after leaving Alpha Centauri, and no trace of him was ever found; Cochrane's true fate would remain unknown until his later discovery by Captain James T. Kirk. In many sources it is hinted that as the Companion took care of Cochrane — it also kept his body in perfect condition. This implies that he could have been significantly aged when he reached that planet (and old in Star Trek: First Contact) while still appearing young in "Metamorphosis," having been brought back to peak physical condition.
It is strongly implied that Cochrane is responsible for coining Starfleet's "motto" "To boldly go where no man has gone before." However, when the character is shown reciting this mantra in the Star Trek: Enterprise episode "Broken Bow", he drops the split infinitive, saying instead, "Go boldly where no man has gone before," which suggests that his quotation would become corrupted over time.
In Star Trek: First Contact, Cochrane becomes the first and (to date) only character in the history of the franchise to actually utter the term "star trek," although in the Star Trek: The Next Generation finale "All Good Things...", Q says the phrase "trek through the stars."
In the Mirror Universe, Cochrane is a much more paranoid and violent character. When the Vulcans land on Earth, and their captain gives the traditional Vulcan greeting ("Live long and prosper"), the mirror Cochrane pulls out a shotgun and shoots the Vulcan in the chest, killing him. Cochrane and the rest of the humans then raid the Vulcan ship, killing its remaining crew and stealing its technology, claiming it for the greater good of Earth. The shotgun later makes its way into Jonathan Archer's collection of weapons. He sees it as a symbol that humans will always prevail, no matter the odds.
Yet another descrepancy is that the facial features of the man in the film and in the television series do not look alike.
[edit] The canon novel Federation
In the novel Federation by Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens, whose publication in 1994 predated the release of Star Trek: First Contact by two years, Zefram Cochrane's story is told in a very different fashion. His warp experiments are depicted as the result of a mysterious billionaire's financial and idealistic support in the period between the Eugenics Wars and World War III; his self-identification with Alpha Centauri is shown to be the result of its having been the destination of his first warp voyage and his subsequent founding role in the first colony in the system; and his life's story beyond his encounter with Captain Kirk at Gamma Canaris in "Metamorphosis" is depicted up to his death during the events of the third season of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
The antagonist of the novel is Colonel Adrik Thorsen, a member of the Optimum Movement (which is shown as largely responsible for the social horrors of Earth depicted in the Next Generation episode "Encounter at Farpoint," and for the triggering of World War III itself), headed by the infamous Colonel Green.
Federation contradicts current Star Trek canon on several points, not just the details of Cochrane's life and work, as would be expected from a novel that was originally written around the filming of Star Trek: Generations. Many of these contradictions arise from Star Trek: Enterprise, such as the given date of first contact with the Klingon Empire. In Federation, it is said to be several years after the Earth-Romulan War; in Enterprise, it occurs several years before that conflict, in the pilot episode "Broken Bow." These contradictions, like those between "First Contact" and "Metamorphosis" have never been entirely explained.
It should be noted that this book has been endorsed as part of the "canonical" filmic Star Trek universe as the result of Judith and Garfield Reeves-Stevens joining the writing staff of Enterprise. Producer Manny Coto. [1] in fact even managed to work a number of apparent references from the novel into a two-part Enterprise storyline — "Demons" and "Terra Prime" — in particular concerning the similar doctrines and personality of the Colonel Green character in both the TV episodes and the Reeves-Stevens' novel.
[edit] Trivia
- Cochrane's surname is coincidentally similar to the chosen surname of aviation pioneer Jacqueline Cochran, who among other milestones was the first woman to travel faster than the speed of sound.
- In StarCraft: Brood War, if a player repeatedly clicks on the Corsair unit, one of the replies given is, "Zefram Cochrane? Is that you?", an audio clip from the original Star Trek series.
- Tom Hanks (a devoted Trek fan) was the original choice to play Cochrane in Star Trek: First Contact. However, this conflicted with his schedule of filming That Thing You Do!, and he was forced to withdraw. Other sources state that he withdrew when the producers declined to rewrite the Cochrane role to make it of equal importance in the film with that of Captain Picard.
- In the Star Trek: Enterprise episode "In a Mirror, Darkly", some archive footage of Cochrane as he appeared in that film, is used. When Cochrane is shown firing his rifle, however, another actor (identically dressed) is used, and only seen from the neck down or from the back.
- Both actors who played Cochrane also had guest roles in Dallas — Corbett as a lawyer, and Cromwell as a private investigator.
- Cochrane is a fan of Steppenwolf, as he played their song "Magic Carpet Ride" on his first warp voyage, saying "We can't lift off without it!"
- Rumors persist that James Cromwell's interpretation of the character is based on actor Anthony Geary, best known for his role as Luke Spencer on General Hospital.
- It has also been speculated that Star Trek: The Next Generation's writers based Cochrane on Star Trek's hard drinking creator, Gene Roddenberry
[edit] See Also
[edit] External links
- Zefram Cochrane article at Memory Alpha, a Star Trek wiki.
