ZAP-70

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase 70kDa
Identifiers
Symbol	ZAP70 SRK
HUGO	12858
Entrez	7535
OMIM	176947
RefSeq	NM_207519
UniProt	Q6PIA4
Other data
Locus	Chr. 2 q11-q13

ZAP-70 is an abbrevation for Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (70 is the molecular weight in kDa). The protein is a member in the protein-tyrosine kinase family. ZAP-70 is normally expressed in T cells and natural killer cells and has a critical role in the initiation of T-cell signaling. ZAP-70 in B cells is used as a prognostic marker in identifying different forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

T lymphocytes are activated by engagement of the T cell receptor with processed antigen fragments presented by professional antigen presenting cells (e.g. macrophages, dendrittic cells and B cells). Upon this activation, the tyrosine kinase Lck becomes activated and phosphorylates the intracellular portions of the CD3 complex (called ITAMs). The most important member of the CD3 familiy is CD3-zeta to which ZAP-70 binds (hence the abbreviation). The tandem SH2-domains of ZAP-70 are engaged by the doubly phosphorylated ITAMs of CD3-zeta, which positions ZAP-70 to phosphorylate the transmembrane protein LAT (Linker of Activated T cells). Phosphorylated LAT in turn serves as a docking site to which a number of signaling proteins bind. The final outcome of T cell activation is the transcription of several gene products which allows the T cells to differentiate, proliferate and secrete a number of cytokines.