Zamzam Well
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- For the soft drink see Zam Zam.
The Well of Zamzam (or the Zamzam Well, or just Zamzam; Arabic: زمزم) is a well located within the Masjid al Haram in Mecca, near the Kaaba, the holiest place in Islam.
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[edit] History
Muslims believe that the Zamzam well was revealed to Hagar, wife of Abraham and mother of Ishmael. (Abraham is known as Ibrahim to Muslims.) She was desperately seeking water for her infant son, but could find none. Mecca is located in a hot dry valley with few other sources of water. Muslim traditions say that Hagar ran seven times back and forth in the scorching heat between the two hills of Safa and Marwah, looking for water. God then sent the angel Gabriel, who scraped the ground, causing the spring to appear. On finding the spring, Hagar confined the pool of water with sand and stones. Other versions of the story say Ishmael scraped the ground with his heel and the Zamzam appeared.
The grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Abdul Muttalib, is said to have rediscovered the well after it had been neglected and had filled with sand. He became the guardian of the well, charged with maintaining it and serving the Arabs who came to Mecca on pilgrimage (as was done even in pre-Islamic times).
[edit] Technical information
Zamzam well is 30 meters deep. Depth to water is 3.23 meters. There are some springs contributing to the well at approximately 13 meters below surface.
A pumping test at 8000 liters/second for more than a 24 hour period showed a drop in water level from 3.23 meters below surface to 12.72 meters and then to 13.39 meters, after which the water level stopped to recede. Water level recovered to 3.9 meters below surface just 11 minutes after pumping had stopped. The aquifer feeding the well seems to recharge from rock fractures in neighboring mountains around Mecca.
[edit] Zamzam today
The story of Hagar and the divine origin of the Zamzam well is commemorated in the Islamic rites of pilgrimage, the Umrah and the Hajj. Like Hagar, pilgrims run between the hills of Safa and Marwa seven times.
Many Muslims believe that the water of the Zamzam well is divinely blessed (it is believed to satisfy both hunger and thirst, and cure illness) and make every effort to drink of this water during their pilgrimage. The water is served to the public through coolers stationed throughout the Masjid al Haram in Mecca and the Masjid al Nabawi in Medina. Pilgrims also fill water canisters from special taps, to take home as gifts for relatives and friends, and some of them also dip their pilgrimage clothes, ihram, in the water. The ihram are then preserved to serve as burial clothes when the pilgrim dies; thus he or she will go to the grave touched by the Zamzam water.
As the Muslim population of the world has grown, and air travel has made the Hajj more accessible to them, the Hajj is increasingly crowded. There can be up to four million pilgrims performing the Hajj. There is increasing concern that the Zamzam Well may not be able to provide enough water to satisfy all demands. The Saudi Geological Survey has set up a Zamzam Studies and Research Centre, which is charged with keeping the Zamzam water both hygienic and plentiful.
There have been some attempts to scientifically validate Muslim beliefs regarding the special nature of Zamzam water. The water is said to contain high levels of some minerals: calcium, magnesium, and fluoride.
[edit] Commercial sale of Zamzam water
The Saudi government, which controls the Hijaz and Mecca, has prohibited the commercial export of Zamzam water from the kingdom. However, there is a strong commercial demand for Zamzam water and Zamzam water can be found on sale in many countries. There is some evidence that most, if not all, of this water is mislabeled. UK environmental agencies (e.g. Leicester City Council) have tested purported Zamzam water on sale in the UK, and found arsenic levels three times the permitted level in much of it. In addition, nitrate was found at twice the permitted level. The fake water is not only fraudulent, but dangerous to health. Trade in fake Zamzam water is said to be spreading.[1]
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Shil, Mahmoud Isma`il & `Abdul-Wahid, `Abdur-Rahman The Well of Zam zam. IslamOnline. Retrieved on June 6, 2007. Provides a detailed history of the well and its significance.
- Zamzam Studies and Research Centre. Saudi Geological Survey. Retrieved on June 5, 2007. Provides some history of the well and details research issues undertaken by the research centre.
- Careem, S. H. A. The Miracle of Zamzam. Sunday Observer. Retrieved on June 5, 2007. Provides a brief history of the well and some information on the health benefits of Zamzam water.
