Yuri of Goguryeo
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| Yuri of Goguryeo | |
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| Hangul: | 유리왕 also 유리명왕 |
| Hanja: | 瑠璃王 also 瑠璃明王 |
| Revised Romanization: | Yuri-wang also Yurimyeong-wang |
| McCune-Reischauer: | Yuri-wang also Yurimyŏng-wang |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul: | 해유리 also 유류 also 누리 |
| Hanja: | 解類利 also 儒留 also 累利 |
| Revised Romanization: | Hae Yuri also Yuryu also Nuri |
| McCune-Reischauer: | Hae Yuri also Yuryu also Nuri |
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Yuri (? - 18 CE, r. 19 BCE - 18 CE) was the second ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the eldest son of the kingdom's founder King Dongmyeongseong. As with many other early Korean rulers, the events of his life are known largely from the Samguk Sagi.
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[edit] Background
Yuri was born to Go Jumong and Lady Ye Soya in Dongbuyeo, before Jumong left Dongbuyeo to found the kingdom of Goguryeo. Yuri was raised in Buyeo by his mother, Lady Ye. Yuri and his mother escaped to Goguryeo in 19 BCE. Geumwa's successor to the Buyeo throne, King Daeso, had been Jumong's step-brother and rival.
King Dongmyeongseong proclaimed Yuri to be the Crown Prince of Goguryeo. Onjo and Biryu (the sons of Dongmyeongseong's second marriage to So Seo-No) became jealous and insecure. With their mother, they traveled south to found the kingdom of Baekje. Yuri became King upon Jumong's death later the same year.
[edit] Reign
Yuri is described as a powerful and militarily successful king. He conquered a Xiongnu tribe in 9 BCE. In 3 BCE, Yuri moved the capital to from Jolbon to Guknae seong.
Goguryo's neighbor, the Han dynasty of China, was overthrown by Wang Mang, who established the Xin Dynasty. Wang Mang sent a messenger to Goguryeo to ask for troops to assist in a conquest of the Xiongnu during 12 CE, the 31st year of his reign. Yuri rejected the request and instead attacked the Han.
Goguryeo under Yuri subsequently defeated the remnants of Buyeo, and a small state called Yangmaek, and won territory from Han China.
He had five sons and among them were Hae-Myung, and Muhyul (the subsequent king Daemusin). Hae-Myung was proclaimed the crown prince of Goguryeo after the death of Dojul, who was Yuri Taewang's eldest son, but Yuri found him to be too reckless and disobedient. Yuri replaced him with the younger son Muhyul in 14 CE.
A poem Yuri is said to have written for his favored concubine Chihui has survived to this day. It is titled Hwangjoga (황조가/黃鳥歌), meaning "Song of the Yellow Bird."
[edit] Succession
King Yuri died in 18 CE, after ruling for 37 years. He was succeeded by his oldest remaining son, Muhyul, who became King Daemusin.
