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World in Flames is a board wargame designed by Harry Rowland and released in 1985 by the Australian Design Group. It is currently in its 7th edition, World in Flames - Final Edition, each new edition featuring changes to the rules, maps and counters provided with the game. World in Flames won the Charles S. Roberts Award/Origins Award for Best 20th Century Game of 1985.

The game is a strategic-level recreation of both the European and Pacific theatres of World War II. The game begins with the German invasion of Poland, and contains rules determining when Russia and the United States may choose to enter the conflict.

Contents 1 Game mechanics 1.1 Major Powers and sides 1.2 Major Power neutrality and entry into the war 1.3 Production and industrial output 1.4 Turn length, initiative and impulses 1.5 Weather 1.6 Supply 1.7 Impulse type 1.8 Land combat 1.9 Air combat 1.10 Naval combat 2 External links

[edit] Game mechanics

World in Flames game mechanics takes into account many aspects of the World War II conflict. There are three main combat types; land combat, air combat and naval combat. The game is designed in such a way that these different combat types may influence each other. Thus, it is possible that a battle may consist of a number of engagements involving air, land and naval units, even if it is taking place in the land combat phase of an impulse. The rules are designed to be able to cope with different types of activity without invoking new concepts for each situation. For instance, strategic bombing of factories and resorces are handled by the same rules that handles tactical bombing, paradrops and naval bombing. Attacks on convoys are handled by the same rules that handle ship-to-ship and air-to-ship warfare.

[edit] Major Powers and sides

The game is played with the Commonwealth of Nations (consisting of The United Kingdom, Canada, India, Australia, South Africa and numerous territories and colonies), France, China , USSR and the United States of America forming the Allies and Germany, Italy and Japan forming the Axis. China is divided into Chinese nationalists and Chinese communists. Each major power can be played by one player; in practice two or more major powers on the same side are usually played by each player. If there are more than one player on the Allied side, the Chinese communists are controlled by the USSR player.

[edit] Major Power neutrality and entry into the war

At the beginning of the game, Germany must declare war on Poland. France and the Commonwealth of Nations must subsequently declare war on Germany on their next move. At this time, Japan is at war with China. All other Major Powers are neutral. Future declarations of war between the Major Powers influences US Entry and US Tension, which are abstractions of when United States of America can declare war. Briefly, aggressive and successful play from the Axis side will hasten the entry of the US into the war. Aggressive Allied play - like declaration of war on neutral minor countries - will slow US entry.

[edit] Production and industrial output

The ability of a Major Power to produce military units is abstracted by three factors. Production points from on-map factory complexes are combined with resource points from on-map natural resources. For each pair of points successfully combined (by railing or shipping a resource-point to a factory), the nation gains a number of build points equal to its production multiplier. This multiplier represents how well geared the nation's industry is towards war-time production. As the war proceeds, all production-multipliers go up. The build points can be spent to purchase units for land, sea and air warfare.

[edit] Turn length, initiative and impulses

The side with the higher initiative roll has the first of several moves in a turn. The roll is modified for one of the sides by a +1 or +2 on a ten-sided die, reflecting the side's ability to execute quick and well-coordinated offensives with enough resources. The initiative modifier shifts if one side asks for a reroll or gets two moves in a row. The latter happens if the same side ends the turn with the last move, and subsequently wins the initiative. After initiative is determined, the winner chooses an impulse type (see below) and moves his units, and resolves different types of combat according to rules. After the impulse is ended, the impulse marker is advanced on a track with a number determining how likely the entire turn is to end. A die is rolled to see if this is the end of the turn; if not, the other side takes their impulse. The process is repeated until the end of turn die-roll indicates the end of the turn.

[edit] Weather

Weather is determined at the start of the initiative winner's impulse using the Weather Chart, which is a function of the time of year and a die roll. The map is divided into 6 different weather zones and each zone is assigned its own weather based on the Weather Chart result. The weather influences combat modifiers, naval ability to spot enemy fleets, supply range, aircraft mission eligibility, land unit movement allowance and how fast the end of turn impulse marker advances after each impulse. Weather greatly influences turn length and what can be accomplished in terms of offensives.

[edit] Supply

Supply is an important World in Flames concept. Each unit must be able to trace a line to a primary supply source, which is any city in its home country. The line cannot pass through an enemy land unit, or the hex next to it (enemy Zone of Control) unless this is occupied by a friendly land unit. This line can only be four hexes long, but does not count passage over railways or a sea area containing friendly convoys (or optionally, a sea area free of uncontested enemy naval units). The four hex limit can be extended by tracing it first to a secondary supply source, which is a friendly headquarter or occupied city. The four hex limit is reduced by bad weather conditions such as snow and rain.

An out-of-supply unit cannot attack and cannot move without being flipped over or 'disrupted'. A disrupted, out of supply unit is very easy to destroy.

[edit] Impulse type

At the start of each Major Power move, the controlling player must choose an impulse type. This represents that Major Powers current allocation of resources and planning. The possible choices are: Land impulse, Naval impulse, Air impulse, Combined impulse, and Pass impulse. Choosing a Land impulse will allow the player to move any number of land units, some air units and no naval units. Correspondingly, a Naval impulse will allow the movement of any number of naval units, some air units and no land units. The Air impulse allows the movement of any number of air units, but no other moves. A Combined impulse allows a limited number of land, air and naval movements, and restricts the number of land attacks that can be performed. The exact number of movements allowed depends on the Major Power and reflects its overall size and organization. Larger and more powerful Major Powers like the USA have more moves available in each category than, for instance, Italy. The Pass impulse allows no moves or attack. If two or more Major Powers choose this option, the chance for ending the turn increases.

[edit] Land combat

Land combats are resolved by determining odds. Odds are determined by comparing combat factors on the attacking and defending side. Combat factors are influenced by unit strength and supply situation, terrain, tactical bombing factors, shore bombardment from naval units, and artillery. After the odds are determined as the ratio of attacking versus defending combat factors, a die roll is performed adding combat modifiers from unit disruption, weather conditions and other factors. The resulting modified die-roll is cross-referenced on the appropriate odds column of the combat result table. This table gives losses for the attacker and defender and provides information about whether the attacking units are disrupted, if a breakthrough is achieved, if the defender has to retreat, and other results.

[edit] Air combat

Air combats are fought between fighter units from each side or between fighter units and other units, like strategic, naval or tactical bombers. The non-fighter unit types are generally easily destroyed in air-to-air combat, and air-combats are usually fought to hinder the opposing player's non-fighter aircraft in performing a bombing, resupply or paradrop mission. Each side organizes its aircraft units in a sequence of units numbered from first to last. The first unit is called the 'front fighter', even if it is not actually a fighter-type unit. Each air unit has an air-to-air combat factor. If the front fighter is a a fighter type-unit, it can increase its combat factor by having other fighter-type air units behind it. At the beginning of each round of air-to-air combat, each side can opt to abort its remaining aircraft and return them to an eligible hex. If there are no fighters present on one side, all remaining non-fighters are cleared through to their targets. A round of air-to-air combat consists of both sides determining odds by subtracting the opposing sides modified air-to-air combat factor from their own value and summing the rolls of two ten-sided dice. The appropriate odds-column in the air-combat results table is consulted and results implemented. Results include the clearing through of enemy aircraft (which can then proceed to their targets), aborting enemy front fighters or bombers (which are then forced to land on eligble hexes and turn face down) and destroying enemy front fighters or bombers.

[edit] Naval combat

To initate combat, two fleets in the same sea area perform die rolls to determine whether the units (which can also include land and carrier-based aircraft) spot each other and which side has the element of surprise. If at least one stack of units is determined to spot the enemy fleet, combat is initiated. There are two types of naval combat: naval air combat and surface combat. The former represents one or both sides pressing the battle using fighters and naval bombers; the latter represents ships gunning it out with cannon fire. Naval air combat requires that an air-to-air battle is fought if either player has fighters allocated to defending their ships. Any bombers cleared through are then subject to anti-aircraft fire from the defending ships. Surviving naval bombardment factors are then used to determine what damage is inflicted on the enemy fleet. Surface combat is determined by adding the surface combat factors of all involved ships on each side. Surface and naval bombardment factors are cross referenced with the number of ships in the opposing fleet to determine results. Surprise can at this point be used to boost the table entry, increasing the amount of damage inflicted. Inflicted damage takes the form of one or more instances of "ship abortion", "ship damage" and "ship destroyed". Each result must be assigned to a ship, which then makes a roll to determine if it can reduce the damage to a less serious level. A ship can be chosen to suffer damage more than once. As can be expected, battleships are more likely to absorb damage successfully than smaller ships. Surprise can be used to force a result on a particular ship, carriers being popular choices. After all results are assigned, each side has the option of aborting all remaining ships in the combat, returning them to an eligible port and flipping them. If neither of the sides abort, the sides again roll to spot each other and combat can occur again.

[edit] External links

• Matrix games's MWiF page (computer-based version development)
• Australian Design Group's home page (game publisher)
• World in Flames 7 Rulebook
• World in Flames FE counters organized by year
• World in Flames at BoardGameGeek