William Levitt
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William Jarid Levitt (February 11, 1907 - January 28, 1994), is the real-estate developer widely credited as the father of modern American suburbia. He certainly did not invent the building of communities of affordable single-family homes within driving distance of major areas of employment; yet his innovations in providing affordable housing popularized this type of planned community in the years following World War II.
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[edit] Background
As President of Levitt & Sons, the real-estate development company founded by his father Abraham Levitt near the start of the Great Depression, William Levitt oversaw all aspects of the company but design of the homes they built. Design duties were handled by William's brother Alfred.
Prior to World War II, Levitt & Sons built mostly upscale housing in and around Long Island, New York. After returning from the war, during which he served in the Navy as a lieutenant in the Seabees, William Levitt saw a need for affordable housing for the returning veterans.
[edit] Construction of Levittown, New York
Levitt & Sons chose an area known as Island Trees near Hempstead, Long Island as the site for its huge building project after the war. The Company named it Levittown. Levitt's innovation in creating this planned community was to build the houses in the manner of an assembly line. In normal assembly lines, the workers stay stationary and the product moves down the line. In Levitt's home-building assembly line, the product (houses) obviously could not move.
Groups of workers would descend on a new, empty street. The slab laying group would go down the street laying concrete slabs for house after house, 60 feet apart. Other construction groups would work in the same manner, adding their part to the house lot by lot. The result was high-quality, nearly identical houses that were built for substantially less than what they would have normally cost.
Residents started moving into Levittown, New York in 1947. Houses sold for between $8,000 and $12,000 with monthly payments as low as $57, a low price even by 1947 standards. The residents would come to be known as Levittowners.
[edit] Other Levittown Projects
Levitt went on to plan and build another community of more than 17,000 homes in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, which saw its first residents in 1952; It is still known today as Levittown, Pennsylvania. A third "Levittown" of 12,000 houses was built in 1958 in southern New Jersey, although it has since reverted to its former name of Willingboro, in part to avoid confusion with the neighboring Levittown community in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Levittown, Puerto Rico, built in the 1960s, was also one of Levitt's projects.
During the late 1950s, Levitt and Sons also developed the commmuity known as "Belair at Bowie," in Bowie, Maryland. In 1957 they acquired the historic Belair estate, home of Maryland's colonial Governor Samuel Ogle and his Belair Stables. In 1959 the community was annexed by Bowie. He also Built in Palm Coast, Florida, Richmond, Virginia and Fairfax, Virginia. Also, in the early 1960s, the company built a 5000 house community in North Central New Jersey called Strathmore-at-Matawan. The Strathmore name had originally been used by Levitt & Sons in its upper middle class developments on Long Island in the 1930s.
Levitt & Sons was sold to ITT International Telephone and Telegraph in 1968 for a reported $90 million. Levitt subsequently lost much of his wealth in unsuccessful investments.
[edit] Timeline
- 1947 (circa) Built Levittown, New York
- 1952 Built Levittown, Pennsylvania
- 1955 (circa) Built development in Willingboro, New Jersey
- 1959 built in Bowie, MD
- 1962 (circa) Built development in Matawan, New Jersey
- 1965 (circa) Built Levittown, Puerto Rico
- 1966 Built a development in Somerset, New Jersey
- 1968 Sold to International Telephone and Telegraph
[edit] Quotes
- "No man who owns his own house and lot can be a Communist. He has too much to do." (1948)
