William Barleycorn

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William N Barleycorn was a Primitive Methodist missionary who went to "that favourite preaching ground of Primitive Methodist missionaries", Fernando Po, about 1880.

One of his protégés, Edward Thaddeus Barleycorn Barber, returned to Elmfield College, York in about 1888, and went from there to Edinburgh University

His father Napoleon Barleycorn was also a Primitive Methodist missionary in Fernando Po. He sent his sons to be educated at Bourne College, Quinton. [1] .An elderly lady who as a girl had lived in Quinton commented, “We children used to go and stand at the gates of Bourne College because we had heard that there were overseas students there and we had never seen anyone foreign!”

At Bourne College boys studied "everything from book-keeping to botany, from chemistry to carpentry and from elocution to electricity. Here they exercised… Much interest is attached to games, with the conviction that proper physical culture is not only a source of pleasure and an auxiliary to health, but is a stimulus to the intellect (7)… and ate… Care is taken to provide a good substantial diet. Boys may be supplied with ham or other meat for breakfast at a charge of 25/- per term and day pupils may have dinners at 9d each (7) … and slept… in a light, lofty and well-ventilated dormitory. A thorough system of baths and lavatories is also provided (7) … and all, in the early days, for only twenty four guineas per term." [2]

William Barleycorn compiled the first Bubi primer in 1875 along with co-missionary William B Luddington [3]

Two copies of Bubi na English primer compiled by William B. Luddington & William N. Barleycorn, 1875 are available for consultation in SOAS Library.

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'William Broadbent Luddington (March 1843 – November 1888) was a Primitive Methodist missionary who went to Fernando Po about 1880. His father was also a Primitive Methodist Minister.

He was born in Brampton, Lincolnshire in March 1843, and became a Primitive Methodist minister at Malton in Yorkshire in 1864. From 1873 until his death in 1888 Luddington divided his life between missionary work in Fernando Po [Bioko], particularly among the Bubi people, missionary deputation work and ministerial work in England. He and his wife returned from their third term in Fernando Po in a very poor state of health.

[4]

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In 1923-30 the League of Nations investigated the shipment of migrant labour between Liberia and the Spanish island colony of Fernando Po. Although the League concentrated its attention on Liberia, a closer examination reveals labour abuse as very much the product of conditions on Fernando Po itself. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, black planters on the island shifted from palm oil trading to cocoa cultivation. Dependence on migrant labour and increasing competition from Europeans resulted in economic crisis in the first years of the twentieth century, with detention of labour and the nonpayment of contracts as the outcome. The eventual investigation of the trade was the product of a desire to conserve Liberian labour for use on the African mainland, rather than an attempt to relieve its abuse.