Wilhelm Schmidt

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Wilhelm Schmidt may also refer to a German former politician.

Wilhelm Schmidt (1868–1954) was an Austrian linguist, anthropologist, and ethnologist.

Wilhelm Schmidt was born in Hörde, Germany in 1868. He entered the Society of the Divine Word in 1890, and was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest in 1892. He studied linguistics at the universities of Berlin and Vienna.

His early work in linguistics was on the Mon-Khmer languages of South East Asia, which led him to hypothesize the existence of a broader Austric group of languages, connected to the Austronesian language group.

From 1912 on, Schmidt began to publish his 12-volume Der Ursprung der Gottesidee, and developed his theory of primitive monotheism — the belief that primitive religion in almost all tribal peoples began with an essentially monotheistic concept of a high god — usually a sky god — who was a benevolent creator.

In 1906, Schmidt founded the journal Anthropos, and in 1931, the Anthropos Institute, both of which still exist today. In 1938, Schmidt and the Institute fled from Nazi-occupied Austria to Fribourg, Switzerland.

His works available in English translation are: The Origin and Growth of Religion (1931), High Gods in North America (1933), The Culture Historical Method of Ethnology (1939), and Primitive Revelation (1939).