Wilgie Mia
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Wilgie Mia is an ochre mine in the Weld Range of Western Australia. Excavations have occurred for at least 40 000 years and 14 000 m³ of material has been removed, leading to suggestions that this is the worlds oldest continuing mining operation.
It is located in a hillside of the Weld Range, near the northwest town of Cue. Worked to a depth of 20 metres, scaffolds had lined the seam face beyond an opening 30 metres across. Archaeological excavations have recovered tools and equipment used in the exploitation of the resource, detailed analysis of the ochre reveals an extensive use throughout Western Australia. The mine continues to export ochre as a commercial pigment.
Ochre has been an important commodity in the history of Australia and the site produced large amounts of both red and yellow pigments. A range of colours and high durability are found in the constituent clays of the ochre mined at Wilgie Mia. These are residual to a geological process involving haematite (Fe2O3) and other iron rich compounds.
Wilgie mia ochre has been used in the production of rock art and other painting practices throughout many regions of Australia. It had important cultural sigificance to many surrounding communities until the final dispersal of the local group by colonial miners in the 1930s.
[edit] Reference
- Serventy, Vincent; Serventy, Carol [1981]. "Western Australia", Australian landforms. Adelaide: Rigby, 75. ISBN 0 7270 1501. “The Aboriginal explanation of this rock structure was that 'in the Dreamtime, Mondong, a great spirit, fought and speared a giant kangaroo. His blood soaked into the ground and became red ochre'.”
- Hirst, K. Kris. Wilgie Mia (Australia) (htm). Dictionary of Archaeology. About, Inc., A part of The New York Times Company. Retrieved on March 17, 2007. “Wilgie Mia is an immense prehistoric ochre mine, located ... an important site for aboriginal peoples of Australia.”
- Clarke, John (August 1976). Two Aboriginal rock art pigments from Western Australia; their properties, use, and durability.. Studies in Conservation, Vol. 21, No. 3, 134-142 134. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. Retrieved on March 17, 2007. “They are a red pigment (mainly hematite), from a red ochre mine worked until historic times by Aborigines, and a white pigment (huntite) which is still collected and used by Aborigines. Samples were also taken from rock paintings in which these pigments were used or were thought to have been used.”
