Werburgh Street Theatre

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The Werburgh Street Theatre, also the Saint Werbrugh Street Theatre or the New Theatre, was a seventeenth-century theatre in Dublin, Ireland. Scholars and historians of the subject generally identify it as the "first custom-built theatre in the city," "the only pre-Restoration playhouse outside London," and the "first Irish playhouse."

The Werburgh Street Theatre was established by John Ogilby at least by 1637 and perhaps as early as 1634.^[1] It was a roofed and enclosed building, or what was then called a "private theatre" like the contemporaneous Cockpit Theatre or Salisbury Court Theatre in London (as opposed to a large open-air "public theatre" like the Globe). According to one report, the theatre "had a gallery and pit, but no boxes, except one on the stage for the then Lord Deputy, the Earl of Strafford."^[2] John Aubrey termed it "a pretty little theatre."

The playhouse was closely associated, during its short lifetime, with James Shirley, the prominent London dramatist who spent the years 1636–40 in Dublin. (Shirley left London when the theatres closed due to a severe outbreak of bubonic plague, from May 1636 to October 1637.) Shirley wrote four plays for the theatre, The Royal Master, The Doubtful Heir, The Constant Maid, and St. Patrick for Ireland; the first of these plays premiered on Jan. 1, 1638, the last was performed in the autumn of 1639. During the same period, the theatre also performed Jonson's The Alchemist, Middleton's No Wit, No Help Like a Woman's, two plays from the John Fletcher canon, and anonymous plays titled The General and The Toy—even a play by Ogilby, The London Merchant. The earliest-published play by a native Irish author, Henry Burnell's Landgartha, was acted at the theatre on March 17, 1640. Shirley wrote Prologues to all of these works.^[3]

"The Theatre came to a sudden end with the outbreak of the rebellion in 1641. In October the Lords Justices prohibited playing there; and shortly after, we are told, the building was 'ruined and spoiled, and a cow-house made of the stage.'"^[4] (Shirley had sailed for England on April 18, 1640.)

Three and a half centuries later, the site of the former theatre was the yard of Kerfoot's Dining Rooms at 13 Werburgh St., Dublin.

[edit] References

1. ^ Alan J. Fletcher, Drama, Performance, and Polity in Pre-Cromwellian Ireland, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1999; pp. 261-4.
2. ^ Christopher Morash, A History of Irish Theatre, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002; p. 5.
3. ^ Samuel Carlyle Hughes, The Pre-Victorian Drama in Dublin, New York, Burt Franklin; reprinted Ayer Publishing, 1970; p. 2.
4. ^ Joseph Quincy Adams, quoting a contemporary manuscript source; Shakespearean Playhouses: A History of English Theatres from the Beginnings to the Restoration, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1917; p. 419.