Walter Annenberg
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Walter H. Annenberg KBE (March 13, 1908 – October 1, 2002) was an American billionaire publisher, philanthropist, and diplomat. He was the son of Sarah and Moses "Moe" Annenberg, who published The Daily Racing Form and purchased The Philadelphia Inquirer in 1936.
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[edit] Early life
Walter Annenberg was born in to a Jewish family in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Annenberg attended high school at the Peddie School in Hightstown, New Jersey, graduating in 1927. He attended college at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1931. While he was in college he was a member of Zeta Beta Tau, a Jewish fraternity.
[edit] Business life
At age 32, after his father's death, he took over the family businesses and even made successes out of some that had been failing. He bought other print media as well as radio stations and television stations, successfully managing them as well. His biggest success was the creation of TV Guide in 1952, which he started against the advice of his financial advisers. He also created and made a fortune from Seventeen magazine.
While he ran his publishing empire as a business, he was not afraid to use it for his own ends. One of his publications, The Philadelphia Inquirer, was influential in ridding Philadelphia of its corrupt city government in 1949. It also attacked Senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s when most other publications feared McCarthy[citation needed]. It also campaigned for the Marshall Plan after World War II. He also made many enemies: activist Ralph Nader, actress Zsa Zsa Gabor, boxer Sonny Liston, and many politicians became "non-existent" in his newspapers. Their names were never mentioned, and they were even air-brushed out of group photos.[1]
In 1966, Annenberg used the pages of The Inquirer to cast doubt on the candidacy of Democrat Milton Shapp, for governor of Pennsylvania. Shapp was highly critical of the proposed merger of the Pennsylvania Railroad with the New York Central and was pushing the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission to stop it. Annenberg, a significant shareholder of the Pennsylvania Railroad, wanted to see the merger go through and was frustrated with Shapp's opposition. One example of Annenberg using The Inquirer to attack Shapp was during a press conference an Inquirer reporter asked Shapp if he had ever been a patient in a mental hospital, having never been one Shapp said no. The next day's headline in The Inquirer read "Shapp Denies Ever having been in a Mental Home." Shapp attributed his loss of the election to Raymond P. Shafer to Annenberg's attack campaign.[1]
After Richard M. Nixon was elected President, Nixon appointed Annenberg as ambassador to the Court of St. James's in the United Kingdom. In 1969 Annenberg sold The Inquirer and the Philadelphia Daily News, which Annenberg bought in 1957, to Knight Newspapers for US$55 million.
[edit] Personal life
Annenberg's first marriage, to Veronica Dunkelman, failed in 1949 after 11 years. His only son Roger committed suicide in 1962. (Harvard University, where Roger was a student at the time, now has a Roger Annenberg Hall in his honor.) Walter's marriage to his second wife, Leonore "Lee" Rosentiel, was, by all accounts, a lasting and fulfilling relationship. Lee was a niece of Harry Cohn, founder and successful mogul of Columbia Pictures.
Annenberg led a lavish lifestyle, enjoying his riches. His "Sunnylands" winter estate in Rancho Mirage, California near Palm Springs hosted gatherings with such people as Ronald Reagan, Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope, Bing Crosby and Charles, Prince of Wales. It was Annenberg who introduced Reagan to Margaret Thatcher, and the Reagans often celebrated New Year's Eve with the Annenbergs. Sunnylands covers 400 guard-gated acres on a 650-acre parcel surrounded by a pink stucco wall at the northwest corner of Frank Sinatra Drive and Bob Hope Drive; the property includes a golf course.
[edit] Philanthropy
Even while an active businessman, he had an interest in public service. After being appointed as the ambassador to the Court of St. James's in 1969 he became quite popular in Britain, eventually being knighted. His wife Lee was named by President Ronald Reagan as the State Department's chief of protocol.
After the sale of the Philadelphia papers, he established the Annenberg Schools for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Southern California. He became a champion of public television, gaining many awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Reagan and the Linus Pauling Medal for Humanitarianism. In 1989, he created the Annenberg Foundation, then, in 1993, he created the Annenberg Challenge, a US$500 million, five-year reform effort and the largest single gift ever made to American public education.
In 1998 he sold TV Guide, Seventeen, and a few other publications to Australian publishing magnate Rupert Murdoch for US$3 billion, announcing that he would devote the rest of his life to philanthropy.
"Education...", he once said, "holds civilization together"[2]. Many school buildings, libraries, theaters, hospitals, and museums all over the United States now bear Annenberg's name. It is estimated that he gave over US$2 billion in his lifetime. His collection of French impressionist art is valued at approximately US$1 billion and has been donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Annenberg died at his home in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, on October 1, 2002, at the age of 94. He was survived by his wife Lenore, daughter Wallis, and two sisters, Enid Haupt, and Evelyn Hall. Including those by his wife's daughters from her first marriage (Diane Deshong and Elizabeth Kabler), he left behind seven grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.
[edit] Trivia
- Walter Annenberg gave the home located at 668 St. Cloud Road in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, to the Reagan's as a gift upon Ronald Reagan's departure from the Presidency of the United States. This would remain his home until his death.
| Preceded by David K. E. Bruce |
U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom 1969–1974 |
Succeeded by Elliot Richardson |
[edit] References
- ^ a b Ogden, Christopher (1999). Legacy: A Biography of Moses and Walter Annenberg. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-63379-8.
- ^ Krieger, Diane, "Forever Annenberg", Trojan Family Magazine, http://www.usc.edu/dept/pubrel/trojan_family/winter02/annenberg.html, Winter 2002
[edit] External links
- Obituary critical of Annenberg in Slate
- Walter Annenberg on 2000 Forbes 400 (oldest member of the list)
Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since March 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | 1908 births | 2002 deaths | American billionaires | American businesspeople | American entrepreneurs | American newspaper publishers (people) of the 20th century | American magazine publishers (people) | Ambassadors of the United States | American art collectors | American philanthropists | Jewish Americans | Jewish businesspeople | Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire | People from Milwaukee | United States National Medal of Arts recipients | Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients | University of Pennsylvania alumni
