Vibration Reduction
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Vibration Reduction is a system developed by Nikon for lenses of SLR cameras and some of their digital cameras. Vibration Reduction is designed to work by compensating for small erroneous movements the operator of the camera makes while shooting a picture. This is done by adjusting the lens to compensate, and to make sure the focal point
In order to compensate for these erroneous movements, the lens is able to sense its angular velocity in both the X (vertical movement) and the Y (horizontal movement). This is done by the means of two sensors, one for each axis. By sampling the sensors frequently (every 1/1000th of a second), any movement can be detected as it happens, regardless of how small it is.
As the data is sampled, it is sent to a microprocessor in the lens itself. This computes how the VR lens needs to move in order to compensate, and send these results to two VCMs, which in turn moves the VR lens as required.
In general, blurring of the image can occur when the shutter speed is slower than one over the focal length in 35mm format. For example, if you had a focal length of 55mm, vibration would occur if the shutter speed was slower than 1/55 seconds. With VR enabled lenses, one can shoot up to 4 stops slower and not have any image blurring. For example, an image that is taken at 1/125 second shutter speed, to compensate for image blurring, without a VR lens can be re-taken at 1/15 second shutter speed with a VR lens.
It is generally regarded that with a tripod, one should not get any erroneous movements influenced by the photographer, since the photographer is not holding the camera when the picture is taken. However, you can get internal shaking from the camera, for example with the movements of a quick-return mirror/shutter curtain, or even wind affecting the tripod. Some VR lenses can compensate for this movement as well, and some must have their VR turned off when used with a tripod; the manual for each lens indicates which kind of VR it has.
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