Vesper bat

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Vesper or Evening Bats
The Nyctalus, a Vesper bat
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Chiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae Gray, 1821

Evening bats or perhaps more correctly Vesper bats (family Vespertilionidae) are the largest and best-known family of bats. They belong to the suborder Microchiroptera (microbats). There are 300 species distributed all over the world, many of them native to Europe and North America. Sometimes the family is called "common bats".

Almost all Vesper bats are insect-eaters, exceptions being some Myotis and Pizonyx that catch fish and the larger Nyctalus species that have been known on occasion to catch small Passerine birds in flight.

They rely mainly on echolocation, but they lack the enlarged noses, which some microbats have in order to improve the ultrasound beam and instead "shout" through their open mouths to project their ultrasound beam. In compensation many species have relatively large ears.

As a group, Vesper bats cover the full gamut of flight ability with the relatively weak flying Pipistrellus that have fluttery, almost insect-like flight to the long winged and fast flying genera such as Lasiurus, Nyctalus and Miniopteris. The family size range is from 3 to 13 cm in length.

[edit] Classification

Five subfamilies are recognized:

• Subfamily Vespertilioninae
  1. Genus Cistugo (Wing-gland bats)
  2. Genus Eudiscopus (Disk-footed bats)
  3. Genus Pipistrellus (Pipistrelles or Pipistrelle bats)
  4. Genus Scotozous (Dormer's bats)
  5. Genus Nyctalus (Noctule bats)
  6. Genus Glischropus (Thick-thumbed bats)
  7. Genus Eptesicus (House bats)
  8. Genus Ia (Great evening bats)
  9. Genus Vespertilio (Frosted bats)
  10. Genus Laephotis
  11. Genus Histiotus (Big-eared Brown bats)
  12. Genus Philetor
  13. Genus Tylonycteris (Bamboo bats)
  14. Genus Mimetillus (Narrow-winged bats)
  15. Genus Hesperoptenus
  16. Genus Chalinolobus (Wattled bats)
  17. Genus Glauconycteris (Butterfly bats)
  18. Genus Nycticeius (Evening bats)
  19. Genus Nycticeinops (Schlieffen's Twilight bats)
  20. Genus Scoteanax (Greater Broad-nosed bats)
  21. Genus Scotorepens (Lesser Broad-nosed bats)
  22. Genus Scotoecus
  23. Genus Rhogeessa (Rhogeessa bats)
  24. Genus Scotomanes (Harlequin bats)
  25. Genus Scotophilus (Yellow bats)
  26. Genus Otonycteris (Desert Long-eared bats)
  27. Genus Lasiurus (Hairy-tailed bats)
  28. Genus Barbastella (Barbastelles or Barbastelle bats)
  29. Genus Plecotus (Lump-nosed bats)
  30. Genus Idionycteris (Allen's Big-eared bats)
  31. Genus Euderma (Spotted bats)
  32. Genus Nyctophilus (New Guinean and Australian Big-eared bats)
  33. Genus Pharotis
  34. Genus Corynorhinus (American Lump-nosed bats)
• Subfamily Murininae
  1. Genus Murina (Tube-nosed Insectivorous bats)
  2. Genus Harpiocephalus (Hairy-winged bats)
• Subfamily Myotinae
  1. Genus Myotis (Little Brown bats)
  2. Genus Lasionycteris (Silver-haired bats)
• Subfamily Miniopterinae
  • Genus Miniopterus (Long-winged bats)
• Subfamily Kerivoulinae
  • Genus Kerivoula (Painted bats)

The above grouping of subfamilies is the classification according to Simmons and Geisler (1998). Other authorities raise three subfamilies more: Antrozoinae (which is here the separate family of Pallid bats), Tomopeatinae (now regarded as a subfamily of the Molossidae, Free-tailed bats) and Nyctophilinae (here included in Vespertilioninae).

[edit] References in Borneo

Abdullah MT. 2003. Biogeography and variation of Cynopterus brachyotis in Southeast Asia. PhD thesis. The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.

Corbet, GB, Hill JE. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Hall LS, Gordon G. Grigg, Craig Moritz, Besar Ketol, Isa Sait, Wahab Marni and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Biogeography of fruit bats in Southeast Asia. Sarawak Museum Journal LX(81):191-284.

Karim, C., A.A. Tuen and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Mammals. Sarawak Museum Journal Special Issue No. 6. 80: 221—234.

Mohd. Azlan J., Ibnu Maryanto , Agus P. Kartono and M.T. Abdullah. 2003 Diversity, Relative Abundance and Conservation of Chiropterans in Kayan Mentarang National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sarawak Museum Journal 79: 251-265.

Hall LS, Richards GC, Abdullah MT. 2002. The bats of Niah National Park, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal. 78: 255-282.

Wilson DE, Reeder DM. 2005. Mammal species of the world. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.

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