Venom (comics)
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Venom is a moniker used of several characters in the Marvel Comics' fictional Marvel Universe. It was first used by the character Eddie Brock in The Amazing Spider-Man #299 (April 1988). It is now used by Mac Gargan, formerly known as the Scorpion.
Originally, the Venom symbiote was portrayed as a mute and lonely creature craving the company of a host. More recently, it has been shown as increasingly abusive of its hosts, as well as having the powers of speech. Users of the "Venom" title are usually symbiotically fused with an extraterrestrial symbiote called the "Venom symbiote". The Venom symbiote first appeared in Secret Wars vol. 1, #8.
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[edit] Fictional character biography
[edit] Before Venom
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For more information, see the article about Symbiote (comics)#Origin of the Symbiotes.
The creature that would ultimately become Venom was born to a race of extra-terrestrial parasites, which lived by possessing the bodies of other lifeforms. The parasites would endow their victims with enhanced physical abilities, yet at the cost of fatally draining them of adrenaline.
According to the Planet Of The Symbiotes storyline, the Venom symbiote was deemed insane by its own race after it was discovered that it desired to commit to its host rather than use it up. The symbiote was then imprisoned on Battleworld to ensure it didn't pollute the species gene pool.
[edit] Spider-Man
In Secret Wars #8 (December 1984), Spider-Man damages his costume in combat and is directed to a facility where he can find a new costume. He activates a machine that releases the symbiote in the form of a black liquid. When Spider-Man touches the liquid, it covers his body and, reacting to Spider-Man's thoughts about the costume worn by the second Spider-Woman, forms a new costume. To Spider-Man's surprise, the costume can mimic street clothes and provides a seemingly inexhaustible supply of webbing.[1]
Once back on Earth, Spider-Man learns the costume is a sentient alien symbiote that wishes to fuse permanently with him and often controls his body while he sleeps. With the aid of Mister Fantastic, Spider-Man discovers the symbiote is vulnerable to sound, and he uses sonic waves to remove it.[2] The symbiote escapes and attempts to forcibly bond itself to Spider-Man in a church tower. The clanging of the church bells and Spider-Man's rejection of the symbiote weaken both the alien and Spider-Man. The symbiote, using its remaining strength, carries an unconscious Spider-Man to safety from the bells before it slithers away.[3]
This rejection left the symbiote extremely bitter toward Spider-Man, a trait it would share with its future hosts.
[edit] Eddie Brock
Eddie Brock was a reporter who blamed Spider-Man for debunking his prize story, the Sin-Eater case, humiliating Brock and ruining his career, forcing him to find work with dirt-sheet gossip magazines. Attracted by his intense hatred of Spider-Man the symbiote bonded with Brock. When bonded, Venom speaks using the first person plural case (we), signifying that Eddie Brock and the symbiote are two separate entities joined together - although, on occasion, Eddie refers to it as 'My symbiote and I'. When he had devoured the original Carnage symbiote, he even referred to himself as '...one big, happy family'. They fought Spider-Man many times, and came close to winning on several occasions. As well as fueling Brock's rage against Spider-Man, the symbiote allowed him to indulge in a sporadic career as a vigilante. After switching back and forth a number of times-either helping Spider-Man or fighting against him, Brock sold the symbiote to Don Fortunato after he discovered he had a brain tumor.
Eddie Brock is set to return in an upcoming issue of Sensational Spider-Man.[4]
[edit] Anne Weying Brock
The Venom symbiote joined with Eddie's ex-wife on two occasions. The first bonding occurred when Anne was seriously wounded after being shot by the second Sin-Eater. With her condition rapidly deteriorating, the symbiote bonded with Anne on Eddie's insistence in order to save her. Under the influence of the symbiote, Anne impulsively murdered a pair of thugs, an act she instantly regretted. The second time she bonded with the symbiote occurred in police custody. Used as bait to lure her ex-husband, Anne was once again joined with the symbiote after Eddie transferred his other through a telephone line, allowing her to escape. These instances proved traumatic for Anne, causing her to commit suicide later on.
[edit] Angelo Fortunato
Angelo Fortunato, the Don's son, became the second Venom for a brief period of time. However, Angelo proved to be a weak host for the symbiote, being humiliated in a battle with Spider-Man. The symbiote abandoned Angelo whilst he was leaping between buildings and the subsequent fall killed him.
[edit] Mac Gargan
The Venom symbiote approached Macdonald "Mac" Gargan [5], who is considered a low-level villain, offering him new abilities, and Gargan becomes bonded with the creature. This would later give him an extra edge as part of Norman Osborn's Sinister Twelve[6]. Even with these additional powers he was still swiftly defeated by Spider-Man, as the Avengers dealt with the rest of the Twelve[7]. Gargan later becomes a member of a sub-group of the Thunderbolts[8], which is drafted[9] by the Avengers to hunt down the members of the fugitive Secret Avengers. It is then revealed that he has been outfitted with electrical implants by the government to keep the symbiote in check[10] When in the Venom persona Gargan retains very little of his original personality and is almost completely controlled by the symbiote, and when the symbiote is dormant in his body he has expressed nausea and fear of the organism. [11]
[edit] Mighty Avengers
Angel Medina claims he was reluctant to start work on Mighty Avengers because he was working on a Venom project, only to be told he would be drawing a story with "the Avengers vs. an alien invasion -- by the Venoms." [12] Whether this will mean a return to the Planet of the Symbiotes or an invasion of symbiotes similar to Venom is unknown.
This Arc was later confirmed to be drawn by Mark Bagley, as Medina would be unavailable. [13] Dr. Doom was also confirmed as the Villain by Brian Michael Bendis, and so it may be his fault that the Symbiotes attack.
[edit] Abilities
Though it requires a living host in order to survive, the Venom symbiote has been shown on some occasions to be able to fend for itself with its own set of unique powers.
The symbiote is telepathic and does not require physical contact in order to influence the minds of others. In Planet Of The Symbiotes, the creature, after being rejected by its host, emits a psychic scream which has the effect of driving nearby humans to states of extreme depression. Later, with the assistance of Eddie Brock, it emits an even more powerful variant of that power which results in the mass suicide of an invasive force of symbiotes.
Though the symbiote has rejected its species habit of consuming its hosts, it still requires certain chemicals found in living brain tissue (most likely phenethylamine) in order to survive. When starved of these chemicals, the symbiote develops a mutable exoskeleton, allowing it to form its own solid body which it uses to hunt and kill prey without the assistance of a host. [14]
[edit] Alternate versions
- See also: Alternate versions of Eddie Brock
- In the Earth X limited series, beginning with issue one, May "Mayday" Parker merges with the Venom symbiote after the death of her mother Mary Jane Watson; however, May can completely control and communicate with the symbiote. Also, judging by the red spider-symbol & tendrils, it has appeared to have merged with its child, the Carnage symbiote.
- In "Spider-Girl", the Venom symbiote attempts to re-bond with Peter Parker but is forcefully bonded instead to Spider-Girl's friend Normie Osborn III, the grandson of the original Green Goblin[15] . It takes control of Normie, but when it also attempts to absorb Spider-Girl, their combined force of will defeats the creature. Instead of destroying it, Normie keeps the symbiote and allows it to bond with him, purging the symbiote of its violent and aggresive emotions[16] . In Spider-Girl #100, Normie transfers the symbiote to a critically injured Spider-Girl so it can heal and save her. The symbiote later sacrifices itself to save Spider-Girl's life by confronting a sonic-weapon armed Hobgoblin[17] .
- In Spider-Man 2099, the symbiote resurfaces from the sewers of New York and bonds with Kron Stone; half-brother of Miguel O'Hara (Spider-Man 2099) [18] to become Venom 2099. The symbiote eventually joins with Roman (Namor 2099).
- In Kaare Andrews' Spider-Man: Reign, set 35 years from current comics continuity, Venom has been posing as 'Edward', the aide to the Mayor of New York. 'Edward' has been manipulating the city ever since Spider-Man's disappearance in preparation for his eventual return; in the process, he had re-enlisted the Sinister Six, replicated his symbiote thousands of times, and built a security system named 'WEBB' which prevents New York citizens from escaping from the city, trapping them with his replicas. Defeated the Sinner Six, Spidey and Venom (with his clones) have their final battle, in which Sandman gives Spider-Man a detonator to make all the Sinner explode. Spidey presses the button, most likely killing Venom and his replicas an put an end in 'his' Reign once for all.
[edit] Mangaverse
- See also: Marvel Mangaverse
In the Marvel Mangaverse continuity, Venom is a member of Spider-Man's ninja clan and Spider-Man's cousin. Venom's skin is colorless, a side-effect from being poisoned with spider venom as a child. The distinctive black and white design is here the result of a full-body tattoo or body paint.
Venom was responsible for the murder of Peter's Uncle Ben, Venom's own father in the Mangaverse, at the command of New York's Kingpin of Crime. Peter defeated him and could have slain him, but Peter chose to spare his life. Venom went on to apparently murder the Kingpin (who later was revealed to have survived, barely) and take over New York's ninja criminal gangs for himself.
The symbiote appears as a black liquid that is released from a cursed amulet. The symbiote draws energy from the amulet's wearer, which can be fatal after prolonged exposure. The wearer's strength and agility are increased, and his or her ability to control their own violent urges is reduced. When Peter Parker was possessed by the evil amulet, removing it nearly caused him to die, as the amulet took all of his life force along with it.
Venom captured the amulet and chose to sacrifice his own life force to it in order to save Peter, repaying the debt he owed when Peter spared his life. This act revitalized Peter, but Venom was left as nothing but a skeleton. The amulet, said to contain Venom's life force, eventually wound up in the hands of a crippled Kingpin, who used its power to fully heal himself.
In the Legend of the Spider-Clan one-shot story "Elemental Evil", Venom inexplicably reappeared in the mountain-top home of the Spider-Clan, alive and whole, his skin now a dark blue. He also gained new powers, including a pair of vicious jaws and a long drooling tongue, bringing him closer in appearance to his mainstream counter-part. Despite their history Venom and Peter agree that the former will teach the latter in the ways of the Spider-clan and the uses of his powers. Venom and the rest of the Spider-Clan aid in training Peter to become more powerful, tapping in to the mystical side of his spider abilities. In the end, Peter discovered that the group was run by Peter's biological mother, and she had ordered the death of his Aunt May to rid him of emotional attachments. As a result, Peter refuses to take his place as leader, rejects the clan and leaves. Venom was awarded with rulership over the Spider-Clan instead. No reason is given for Venom's resurrection or his new powers, but when asked about it, Venom only said "I was lucky."
[edit] What If...
- See also: What If? (comics)
[edit] ...The alien costume had possessed Spider-Man
In this one-shot, after obtaining the symbiote costume, Spider-Man waited too long before visiting Mister Fantastic to have the alien removed. The suit took control of Spider-Man and escaped, but by constantly feeding on him, Spider-Man was aged at an accelerated rate, being reduced to old age in a matter of days, eventually dying as a result. Desperate to survive, the symbiote bonded with a weakened Hulk. Various heroes struggled with the decision to kill the Hulk while killing the symbiote but decided that it was in the best interest of the Earth. However, when Thor confronted Venom-Hulk and defeated him, the symbiote took over Thor. Reluctant to kill Thor, the heroes used one final plan, employing Black Bolt's incredibly powerful voice to create enough sonic damage to critically injure the symbiote.
Thor was freed, and the heroes prepared to transport the alien to another dimension when Black Cat, using a gun created for her by the Kingpin in exchange for lifelong servitude, killed the alien, angry at its murder of Spider-Man. [19]
[edit] ...Venom had Possessed The Punisher
In this one-shot, after the symbiote left Spider-Man it joined with the Punisher instead of Eddie Brock. Castle used the symbiote's abilities to further his war on crime; he utilized the suit's shape-shifting nature to create glider-wings and even firearms.
The symbiote caused the Punisher's war to become more brutal and unrestrained than ever before as he set about confronting and murdering many super criminals until the symbiote eventually influenced him to confront and beat Spider-Man. With his new powers, Punisher decides to take out Tombstone and later even the Kingpin himself. At the climax of a confrontation with Spider-Man, Daredevil and Moon Knight, from which the Punisher emerges victorious, a blast from Spidey's borrowed sonic blaster allows Punisher to overcome and tame the symbiote. Frank makes it clear that if he ever loses control to the symbiote, he would not hesitate to kill himself to prevent the loss of an innocent life.
The symbiote then recedes from Punisher's face and manifests his trademark Skull insignia upon his chest. Castle tells the assembled heroes that he is in control now.[20]
[edit] ...The Marvel Super-Heroes had remained on Battleworld?
In this one-shot, the Marvel Super-Heroes and Villains left alive from the Secret Wars after Galactus' and the Beyonder's fatal battle found themselves trapped on Battleworld. Deciding to make the best of things they all settled down and built a new life and families. 25 Years Later Spider-Man and the Venom Symbiote are a single entity. With Reed Richards dead there was no way to free Spider-Man from the symbiote and thus he was forced to accept this new way of life. Since that time he has become cold, calculating and emotionally distant from the rest of the group. The body of Peter Parker is now nothing more than a skeleton with the symbiote acting as his skin, much to the dismay of the other super-heroes and their children.
[edit] ...The Other
In this one-shot, after his second devastating battle with Morlun, Peter, during his newest evolution, rejects the chance to rise again in a new form, leaving his body and spirit separated and leaving himself open to being completely taken over by the symbiote. The suit quickly abandons its latest host, Mac Gargan, as soon as it senses Peter's vulnerable state and rushes to once again unite with its first host. After cocooning Peter's body, the symbiote fully bonds with Peter, turning him into a violent monster called Poison, who wouldn't hesitate to hurt his family and friends. The symbiote and Peter long for a companion to join them in their new 'life' and choose Mary Jane. After dispatching the Avengers who rush to her aid, MJ offers herself willingly in order to stop any more people being harmed protecting her. Her promise to make their 'lives' together miserable however seems to dissuade Poison and he quickly leaves. Poison goes to the grave of Gwen Stacy and begins to dig. The last images of the comic reveal Poison watching over a new cocoon as a hand, similar to his own in appearance, but crimson colored, bursts free.[21]
[edit] Video game appearances
- Venom is the final boss of The Amazing Spider-Man game that was only available for the Game Boy platform.
- Venom appears in the Super Nintendo game Spider-Man, (based on the cartoon of the same name) as the game's final boss.
- Venom appears as a boss multiple times in the Spider-Man: The Video Game arcade game.
- On the higher difficulty levels of The Amazing Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin for Sega Genesis and Sega CD, Venom is a constant threat in all levels.
- Venom is a playable character in the Sega Genesis/SNES game Maximum Carnage and its sequel Separation Anxiety.
- Venom is a boss in the 2000 Playstation game "Spider-Man". He later appears as an ally in cutscenes.
- Venom appears in the Gamecube, Playstation 2, Xbox, and Playstation Portable game "Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects"
- Venom is a playable hero in the fighting game Marvel vs. Capcom and its sequel Marvel vs. Capcom 2.
- The Ultimate version of Venom also appears in Ultimate Spider-Man, available on Gamecube, Xbox, Playstation 2, and Nintendo DS; he is both the final boss and a playable character.
- Venom will appear in the Spider-Man 3 video game.
- Venom is confirmed to be a downloadable playable character in the next-gen versions of Marvel Ultimate Alliance.
[edit] Film
In 2006, Sony and Marvel announced that Venom will appear in the third installment of the Spider-Man 3 franchise that will be released in the United States on May 4th, 2007. The movie will be directed by Sam Raimi. Venom / Eddie Brock Jr. will be portrayed by Topher Grace. The symbiote is drawn to Brock because of his hatred of Peter Parker, who stole the affection of Gwen Stacy from him and cost Eddie his job when Peter Parker caught him distributing altered pictures of Spider-Man to the Daily Bugle that made the superhero look like a supervillian. Like most ambiguations of Venom in the comic series, he is able to disable Spider-Man's spider sense and surprise him at any moment. Also, Venom will shoot webs from the top of his hands as shown in the comics. One main difference that Raimi decided to try with Venom was to change the color of his webbing from white to black to emphasize the darkness within the symbiote. In the final film trailer, Venom is seen both with his mouth visible and hidden, which was only seen in the comics when Venom was introduced.The differences is that Eddie Brock is not webbed when the symbiote bonds with him.In the comic con trailer it reveals Venom.But soon it was improved by new effects like Venom,when on the ground,now has tentacles sticking to the floor and is leaking.
[edit] Television
Venom made very few appearances in Spider-Man: The Animated Series, however, he appeared as Eddie Brock in the series premiere.
In the pilot episode, Brock wanted to get the thousand dollar bonus J. Jonah Jameson was offering to whoever could get a photo of a villain named 'The Lizard'. Brock then overhears a conversation between Spider-Man and Margaret Conners which reveals that her husband, Curt, is really The Lizard. Brock tries to run to the Daily Bugle to tell Jameson the story, but is quickly webbed up by Spider-Man who is trying to save Conners' reputation. Brock eventually gets down from the lamppost he was tied to and tells Jameson, but is fired once Curt Conners has been cured.
Brock appears again in The Spider Slayer when he teams up with Norman Osborn, Spencer and Alistair Smythe to finally defeat Spider-Man. They plan that Osborn and the Smythes will build a giant robot to capture Spider-Man, then Brock will report his capture and immediately reveal his unmasked face on T.V. Unfortunately, the Spider Slayer Robot catches Flash Thompson who only dressed up as Spider-Man as a party gag. The real Spider-Man rescues Thompson and destroys the Spider Slayer, but Spencer Smythe appears to die in the OsCorp explosion that was the result of the Slayer's demise (though it would later be revealed that Spencer had survived the explosion and was found by the Kingpin of Crime who placed Smythe in cryogenic suspension).
The Kingpin lies to Spencer's son, Alistair, that Spider-Man, Norman Osborn, Flash Thompson, J. Jonah Jameson and Eddie Brock were the ones responsible for Spencer's "death", and Alistair makes Spider Slayer robots to go after each of them in the next episode, Return of the Spider Slayers. Meanwhile Brock has taken a new job at another newspaper, but when the Spider Slayer sent to kill Brock arrives it destroys the newspaper location and, although his life is saved by Spider-Man, Brock is quickly fired again.
The symbiote appeared three episodes later at the beginning of the Alien Costume three-part saga. When John Jameson went to outer space to get an energy rock called Prometheum X, the symbiote was attached to it and followed Jameson back to Earth. It then crash-landed on the George Washington Bridge, where Eddie Brock was driving. The villain known as the Rhino went to the crashed shuttle to get the Prometheum X as Spider-Man tried to stop him and save Jameson and his co-pilot. Brock took pictures of the Rhino taking the rock, but framed Spider-Man so that he could get his job at the Daily Bugle back from J. Jonah Jameson. The symbiote attaches to Spider-Man's costume and makes him into a more powerful version of the superhero he already was, but also makes him more aggressive, pushing him almost to the point of actually killing his enemies. While Brock is showing Jameson the photos he took of Spider-Man arriving at the shuttle (but no pictures of the Rhino actually stealing the Prometheum X), the new-costumed Spider-Man arrives and tells them about Rhino. Jameson figures it all out and fires Brock again.
By this point Brock is getting sick, and is kicked out of his apartment by his landlord for failing to pay the rent. The Kingpin becomes worried that Brock might have the evidence to put him in jail, so Alistair Smythe sends the Shocker to kill Brock. Spider-Man saves Brock again, and takes back the Prometheum X Rhino gave to Smythe. Shocker is forced to kidnap John Jameson from the hospital so he can negotiate with Jameson's father, J. Jonah, and Spider-Man to give back the Prometheum. The deal, which takes place in a belltower, goes perfectly but after Jonah escapes with John, the Shocker tries to kill Spider-Man. Brock had already followed Spider-Man and Jameson to the belltower and during the fight between Spider-Man and Shocker, Brock gets in the middle and tries to kill Spider-Man, however, Spider-Man ties Brock up to make sure he doesn't interfere with the fight.
After Spider-Man defeats the Shocker, almost killing the villain in the process, Spider-Man finally removes the symbiote from himself using the loud sonics of the bell in the belltower, as it turns out that symbiotes are weakend by loud noises. Spider-Man thinks the symbiote died from the sonics, but it actually attaches itself to a tied-up Brock and escapes his bonds. The symbiote shares all of the secrets it knows about Spider-Man - including the fact that his secret identity is none other than Peter Parker, Brock's photographer rival from his time at the Daily Bugle. Venom, Brock's new alter ego, begins to torment Spider-Man, but by the end of the saga Spider-Man lures Venom to the spaceshuttle launch that was assigned by NASA to John Jameson, and the loud noises of the rocket engines going off forced the symbiote to remove itself from Brock. Spider-Man then webs the symbiote to the rocket which blasts off into space, and Brock is sent to Ravencroft (asylum) as people assume he is insane when he raves about the symbiote and Venom.
In the third season of the series, while Brock is still at Ravencroft, he began to fall in love with his psychiatrist, Dr. Ashley Kafka. She shares his feelings, and Brock is beginning to believe his memories of the symbiote were really a fantasy. However, the evil demon Dormammu has been stuck in another dimension and wants to get out using Tony Stark's 'Time Dilation Accelerator', so he uses his powers to send the Venom symbiote back to Earth. The symbiote promptly fuses with Brock, making him Venom again, but also spawns and attaches itself to Brock's cellmate, the homicidal madman Cletus Kassidy, who becomes the even more deadly Carnage.
Venom and Carnage succeeded in stealing the Time Dilation Accelerator, even defeating Spider-Man and the hero War Machine in the process, but Venom and Carnage dislike each other, and Venom leaves Dormammu while Carnage stays to absorb life energy from other people to use for a magical device to finally release Dormammu from his dimensional prison. Venom contacts Dr. Kafka who takes him to see Dr. Curt Conners who can remove the symbiote. While this is being done, Dr. Kafka goes to find Carnage, since Cletus Kassidy was also her patient, and Carnage absorbs all of her life energy. When Brock hears this (from Spider-Man and the hero Iron Man), Brock re-bonds with the Venom symbiote and teams up with Spider-Man and Iron Man to foil Dormammu's plans.
When Dormammu finally creates a portal back to Earth, Spider-Man reverses the process using the Time Dilation Accelerator which sucks Dormammu back through. However, because Dormammu already has an energy link with Carnage, the portal will not close and Carnage is sucked in too. He tries to take Dr. Kafka with him, but Venom sacrifices himself as is finally drawn in to the portal along with Carnage. Just before the portal closes he calls out to Ashley, "I'll always love you!".
Appearances in the Show to Venom's Closest Appearances:
- Night of the Lizard (Eddie Brock)
- The Spider Slayer (Eddie Brock)
- Return of the Spider Slayers (Eddie Brock)
- The Alien Costume: Part One (the symbiote, Eddie Brock)
- The Alien Costume: Part Two (Venom)
- The Alien Costume: Part Three (Venom)
- Venom Returns (Venom)
- Carnage (Venom)
- Goblin War! (flashback appearance)
- The Haunting of Mary Jane Watson (Mysterio's robot)
[edit] References
- ^ Jim Shooter (w), Mike Zeck (p), John Beatty (i). ""Secret Wars"" Marvel Super Heroes #8 December, 1984 Marvel Comics.
- ^ Tom DeFalco (w), Ron Frenz (p), Josef Rubinstein (i). ""The Sinister Secret of Spider-Man's New Costume"" The Amazing Spider-Man #258 November, 1984 Marvel Comics.
- ^ Louise Simonson (w), Greg La Rocque (p), Jim Mooney (i). ""Til Death Us Do Part"" Web Of Spider-Man #1 April, 1985 Marvel Comics.
- ^ http://www.newsarama.com/NYCC/2007/Marvel/cup_o_joe.html
- ^ Marvel Knights: Spider-Man #9
- ^ Marvel Knights: Spider-Man #10
- ^ Marvel Knights: Spider-Man #11
- ^ Civil War #4
- ^ Civil War: Choosing Sides #1
- ^ Heroes for Hire vol. 2 #2
- ^ Thunderbolts #112
- ^ Phoenix Cactus Comic-Con: Angel Medina on Mighty Avengers
- ^ Mark Bagley to become Mark Mighty
- ^ Venom: The hunger #2
- ^ Tom DeFalco (w), Ron Frenz (p), Sal Buscema (i). ""You Only Hurt..."" Spider-Girl #82 March,2005 Marvel Comics.
- ^ Tom DeFalco (w), Ron Frenz (p), Sal Buscema (i). ""I, Hero"" Spider-Girl #84 May,2005 Marvel Comics.
- ^ Tom DeFalco (w), Ron Frenz, Pat Olliffe (p), Sal Buscema, Scott Koblish (i). ""If death be my destiny"" Spider-Girl #100 September,2006 Marvel Comics.
- ^ Peter David (w), Andrew Wildman (p), Stephen Baskerville (i). ""Brother's Keeper"" Spider-Man 2099 #39 January,1996 Marvel Comics.
- ^ Danny Fingeroth (w), Mark Bagley (p), Keith Williams (i). ""What if the Alien costume had possessed Spider-Man?"" What If v2 #4 October,1989 Marvel Comics.
- ^ Kurt Busiek (w), Luke McDonnell (p), Luke McDonnell (i). ""What if Venom had possessed The Punisher?"" What If v2 #44 December,1992 Marvel Comics.
- ^ Peter David (w), Khoi Pam (p), Khoi Pam (i). ""What if...The Other?"" What If November,2006 Marvel Comics.
