V Corps (United States)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- For the V Corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War, see V Corps (ACW)
| V Corps | |
|---|---|
 V Corps shoulder sleeve insignia |
|
| Active | |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | U.S. Army |
| Garrison/HQ | Heidelberg, Germany |
| Nickname | Victory Corps |
| Motto | It will be done |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander |
LTG James D.Thurman |
| Notable commanders |
Ricardo S. Sanchez Charles P. Summerall |
| Insignia | |
| Crest |  |
The V Corps (Fifth Corps)—nicknamed the Victory Corps—is a corps of the United States Army. It is headquartered at Campbell Barracks in Heidelberg, Germany.
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] Civil War
V Corps was organized May 18, 1862, while the Army of the Potomac, to which it belonged, was engaged on the Peninsular campaign. During the course of V Corps wartime service, the Corps took part in the battles of Hanover Court House; Mechanicsville; Gaines' Mill; Glendale; Malvern Hill; Manassas; Antietam; Shepherdstown Ford; Fredericksburg; Chancellorsville; Gettysburg; Rappahannock Station; Mine Run; Wilderness; Alsop's Farm; Laurel Hill; Spotsylvania; North Anna; Totopotomoy; Bethesda Church; Cold Harbor; Petersburg Assault; Siege Of Petersburg; Weldon Railroad; Poplar Spring Church; Hatcher's Run; Dabney's Mills; Gravelly Run; White Oak Road; Five Forks; and Appomattox. V Corps was demobilized on June 28, 1865.
[edit] Spanish-American War
V Corps was assembled at Tampa, Florida and sailed for Cuba on July 12, 1898 under the command of William R. Shafter. It was engaged in the battles of Las Guasimas, San Juan Hill, El Caney and the siege of Santiago. Due to sickness and disease the corps returned to New York and was officially disbanded in September, 1898.
[edit] World War I
V Corps was re-established during World War I at Remiremont, France on 7 July 1918, initially organized by Maj.Gen. William M. Wright. Under the command of Maj. Gen. George H. Cameron it fought in the St. Mihiel offensive. By the end of the war, the Corps had participated in three campaigns and under the command of Maj. Gen. Charles P. Summerall, it carried the main attack in the decisive Meuse-Argonne offensive. Dubbed the "Victory Corps" in recognition of its rapid advance in the final phase of the war, V Corps returned to the United States in 1919.
[edit] World War II
V Corps was reactivated at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana, in October, 1940, and took part in the famous Louisiana Maneuvers of 1941. The organization deployed to Ireland after the United States declared war on Germany, providing the first American soldiers and the first army headquarters deployed to the European theater in World War II.
V Corps was one of the formations that took part in the D-Day landings, on 6 June 1944. It landed on Omaha Beach, and many casualties were suffered there due to the strong German defenses. During the Battle of Normandy, and indeed for almost the whole campaign up to the surrender of Germany, V Corps was assigned to First Army. The only exceptions were a brief detachment to Seventh Army during the autumn of 1944 and being switched to Third Army during the very final days before the enemy surrender.
[edit] Cold War
After the war, V Corps remained in Germany until 1946 and then returned to South, then North, Carolina. V Corps returned to Germany in June 1951 as part of the American occupation forces and the activation of the two corps US Seventh Army in USAREUR. V Corps' role then evolved into that of countering Soviet forces. Along with VII Corps, it was one of the two main US combat formations in Germany. Specifically, it guarded the vital Fulda Gap against a possible Soviet attack.
With the end of the Cold War came the Gulf War. Although units from V Corps took part in the Persian Gulf War of 1991, the corps headquarters itself did not deploy. They came under the control of VII Corps or XVIII Airborne Corps.
[edit] Post-Cold War
After the Gulf War, VII Corps was withdrawn back to the United States and disbanded, leaving V Corps as the only major US combat field headquarters in Europe. Various peacekeeping operations during the 1990s took V Corps units to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. However, as during the Gulf War, the headquarters itself did not deploy. In September 2000, V Corps participated in Operation Victory Strike I, one of the first times American units had ever deployed in Poland. In September 2002, Victory Strike II repeated the exercise. 4000 U.S., Polish, and Italian soldiers took part. The exercise tested a modular plug-in command post system which is expected to be used by U.S. forces in the future.
In March 2002, General Wallace traveled to U.S. Central Command headquarters in Tampa, Florida, to discuss contingency plans for deployment to the Middle East. A year later, for the first time since 1945, V Corps headquarters deployed for combat operations. It had many of the American forces committed to Operation Iraqi Freedom under its command. The main units under its command were the 3rd Infantry Division and 101st Airborne Division, along with a brigade from the 82nd Airborne Division. V Corps then handed control over Iraq to III Corps.
A significant portion of V Corps redeployed from Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom as Task Force Victory under the command of Lieutenant General Peter Chiarelli on 12 Dec 2006.
In accordance with the US Army's modularization plan, V Corps will be eliminated, leaving I Corps, III Corps, and XVIII Corps.
The 1st Infantry Division returned to the United States in July 2006.
[edit] Command and Staff
Commanding General: LTG James D. Thurman
Command Sergeant Major: CSM Ralph R. Beam
Deputy Commanding General: MG Daniel A. Hahn
Chief of Staff: BG Donald M. Campbell Jr.
[edit] Strength
V Corps has 41,000 personnel, though this is reducing with its formations returning to the United States. By 2011 only 24,000 personnel will remain.
[edit] Subunits
- 1st Armored Division (1st Brigade, at Friedberg, will return to the United States in 2007)
- 2nd Cavalry Regiment, reflaged as the 2nd Stryker Brigade, who was before in the III Corps (United States)
- 130th Engineer Brigade (to leave Germany for the United States in FY 2007)
- 205th Military Intelligence Brigade
- V Corps Artillery (to disband FY 2007)
- 69th Air Defense Artillery Brigade
- 5th Battalion, 7th Air Defense Artillery (ADA)(Hanau)
- 6th Battalion, 52nd Air Defense Artillery (ADA)(Ansbach, to return to United States 2006)
- 22nd Signal Brigade
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- 22nd Brigade Headquarters Company - possibly to disband FY 2007 (unconfirmed)
- 440th Signal Battalion - to disband FY 2007
- 32nd Signal Battalion, located at Darmstadt - to disband FY 2007
- 17th Signal Battalion, located at Kitzingen - disbanded 17 August 2006
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- 11th Aviation Regiment - inactivated August 15, 2005
- 2nd Squadron, 6th US Cavalry– redesignating as 3rd Battalion, 159th Attack Regiment
- 6th Squadron, 6th US Cavalry– redesignating as 2nd Battalion, 159th Attack Regiment
- 18th Military Police Brigade
