USS Bennington (CV-20)

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Career

Ordered:	15 December 1941
Laid down:	15 December 1942
Launched:	28 February 1944
Commissioned:	6 August 1944 13 November 1952
Decommissioned:	8 November 1946 15 January 1970
Reclassified:	CV to CVA 1 October 1952 CVA to CVS 30 June 1959
Struck:	20 September 1989
Status:	Scrapped in 1994
General Characteristics
Displacement:	As built: 27,100 tons standard 36,380 tons full load
Length:	As built: 820 feet (waterline) 872 feet (overall)
Beam:	As built: 93 feet (waterline) 147 feet 6 inches (overall)
Draught:	As built: 28 feet 5 inches light 34 feet 2 inches full load
Propulsion:	As designed: 8 × boilers (565 psi., 850ºF) 4 × Westinghouse geared steam turbines 4 × shafts 150,000 shp
Speed:	33 knots
Range:	20,000 nautical miles at 15 knots
Complement:	As built: 2,600 officers and enlisted
Armament:	As built: 4 × twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns 4 × single 5 inch 38 caliber guns 8 × quadruple 40-mm 56 caliber guns 46 × single 20-mm 78 caliber guns
Armour:	As built: 2.5 to 4 inch belt 1.5 inch hangar and protectice decks 4 inch bulkheads 1.5 inch STS top and sides of pilot house 2.5 inch top of steering gear
Aircraft carried:	As built: 90–100 aircraft 1 × deck-edge elevator 2 × centerline elevators

CV-20 USS Bennington

The second USS Bennington (CV-20) was an Essex-class aircraft carrier of the United States Navy. Named for the town of Bennington, Vermont, she was the second U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. She was launched 28 February 1944 by New York Navy Yard, sponsored by Mrs. Melvin J. Maas, wife of Congressman Maas of Minnesota, and commissioned 6 August 1944, Captain J. B. Sykes in command.

On 15 December Bennington got underway from New York and transited the Panama Canal on the 21st. The carrier arrived at Pearl Harbor 8 January 1945 and then proceeded to Ulithi Atoll, Caroline Islands, where she joined Task Group 58.1 on 8 February. Operating out of Ulithi she took part in the strikes against the Japanese home islands (16 February-17 February and 25 February), Volcano Islands (18 February–4 March), Okinawa (1 March), and the raids in support of the Okinawa campaign (18 March–11 June). On 7 April Bennington's planes participated in the attacks on the Japanese task force moving through the East China Sea toward Okinawa which resulted in the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamato, light cruiser Yahagi, and four destroyers . On 5 June the carrier was damaged by a typhoon off Okinawa and retired to Leyte for repairs, arriving 12 June. Her repairs completed, Bennington left Leyte 1 July and during 10 July–15 August took part in the aerial raids on the Japanese home islands.

She continued operations in the western Pacific, supporting the occupation of Japan until 21 October. On 2 September her planes participated in the mass flight over Missouri (BB-63) and Tokyo during the surrender ceremonies. Bennington arrived at San Francisco 7 November 1945 and early in March 1946 transited the Panama Canal en route to Norfolk, Virginia. Following pre-inactivation overhaul, she went out of commission in reserve at Norfolk 8 November 1946.

The carrier began modernization at New York Naval Shipyard 30 October 1950 and was recommissioned as CVA-20 13 November 1952. In this period Bennington was the recipient of over 11 million manhours during her SCB-27A conversion. Her deck was extended 43 feet in length and was widened by 8 feet. The point was to modernize the ship to be able to launch jet aircraft. She also had the 5 inch guns removed from the flight deck, which were replaced by smaller 3 inch guns.

On 13 November 1952, Captain David. B. Young took command of Bennington in a ceremony attended by more than 1,400, including the Secretary of the Navy Dan A. Kimball and Rear Admiral R.H. Hillenkoeter who said the Bennington was "the most modern carrier in our fleet today."

Marine Air Group 14 (MAG-14), under the command of Col. W.R. Campbell, USMC reported for duty on Bennington on 13 February 1953, and Bennington set off for the waters off Florida to conduct carrier qualifications. The first trap was made on Bennington since her recommissioning by Lt. Col. T.W. Furlow in his AD Skyraider. Furlow was the commanding officer of Marine Attack Squadron 211 (VMA-211). The first jet aircraft to land on Bennington occurred on 18 February 1953 by Major Carl E. Schmitt in an F9F-5 Cougar. When the qualifications were over, Bennington headed for Guantanamo Bay Naval Base where she underwent 11 weeks of shakedown training.

Her shakedown lasted until May 1953, when she returned to Norfolk for final fleet preparations. On 27 April 1953 a downcomer tube in Boiler Room One slipped loose which caused an explosion that killed 11 men, and seriously wounded four others. Killed were Charles A. Arrowood, Paul R. Cuvar, William A. Garretson, Robert A. Jones, Walter E. Liston, Jr., James W. Mills, Louis J. Mitchell, Richard J. Mott, William E. Satterfield, Jr., Frederick P. Selfridge, and Lowell D. Wells.

Between 14 May 1953 and 27 May 1954 she operated along the eastern seaboard; made a midshipman cruise to Halifax, Nova Scotia ; and a cruise in the Mediterranean. At 0811, 26 May 1954, while cruising off Narragansett Bay, the fluid in one of her catapults exploded, setting off a series of secondary explosions which killed 103 crewmen and injured 201 others. Bennington proceeded under her own power to Quonset Point, Rhode Island, to land her injured.

Moving to New York Naval Shipyard for repairs she was completely rebuilt during 12 June 1954-19 March 1955. On 22 April 1955 the Secretary of the Navy came aboard and presented medals and letters of commendation to 178 of her crew in recognition of their heroism on 26 May 1954. Bennington returned to operations with the U.S. Atlantic Fleet until departing Mayport, Florida, 8 September 1955 for the Pacific. She steamed by way of Cape Horn and arrived at San Diego one month later. The carrier then served with the Pacific Fleet making two Far Eastern cruises.

She was redesignated as an ASW support carrier CVS-20 on 30 June 1959, and was on hand for the 1960 Laotian Crisis. She also had three tours of duty, between 1965 and 1968, in the Vietnam War.

She was the prime recovery vessel for the unmanned Apollo 4 mission and on 9 November 1967 recovered the capsule which had splashdowned 16 km from the ship.

Bennington was decommissioned 15 January 1970, stricken 20 September 1989, and sold for scrap 12 January 1994, being subsequently towed across the Pacific for scrapping in India.