Talk:Use of capital punishment by nation
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[edit] Older comments
Suggestion: add a list of which countries still execute children and the mentally retarded. It should be a short list.
30. Iraq (Suspended in April 2003 after 2003 invasion; reinstated August 2004)
10. Israel (1962, 1954) - only one execution (Adolf Eichmann), which counted as an extraordinary crime
Should the caveats exist for Iraq and Israel? Someone could put such information being of equal relevance for every nation. To provide such information for only two select cases is biased.
Removed from article: China
Irak
Iran
USA
Saudia
This list is neither complete nor English. Also why can't this information be in the death penalty article. --rmhermen
Let the list complete, help it to complete, and put it back in the death penalty article. This kind of information has its place here. 62.212.103.37
Axel, YOU SUCK! I made the change to follow most closely the Amnesty info, in that countries on list 2 are more abolicionist than countries in list three. In particular, at least one of the countries would be in list their list 3 had it not abolished death penalty for common crimes recently.--AN
What an ugly looking article. Can't we lower case the country names and put them into a bulleted list?! -- Zoe
Please, go ahead. It's the result of dirty cut and paste.AN
- I've de-uglified it a bit. --Brion
-
- Thanks, Brion. I didn't feel like tackling it. :-) -- Zoe
I moved this page to "Use of death penalty worldwide". The new title is much less of a mouthful than the old one, although it is slightly less descriptive of the article content. -- SJK
What does a numbered list provide here? The countries are just in alphabetical order. --Brion 00:01 Sep 11, 2002 (UTC)
- Readers can be interested about the number of abolitionist countries, retentionist countries, etc. This is an easy way to see it. -- Juan M. Gonzalez 00:18 Sep 11, 2002 (UTC)
It might be worth mentioning in this article that although the United States as a whole has not abolished the death penalty, 12 states and the District of Columbia have abolished it. --soulpatch
- ...though the federal government may still execute people for federal crimes committed in those states. --Brion
- The federal government can even execute people in states that do not have the death penalty for federal crimes commited in that state or another. --rmhermen
As a prereq. for admission to the EU, Turkey is expected to abolish the death penalty for all crimes this year: its government signed a protocol. The change has to be approved by the parliament. Keep an eye on http://www.mfa.gov.tr for news of ratification. Once that is done Turkey can be moved to the list of countried that have abolished de jure. 209.149.235.241 00:02, 19 Jan 2004 (UTC)
Should we make a distinction between countries which really have abolished the death penalty, and countries which use it anyway despite their official pronouncements? I don't think relying on Amnesty International as a single source is a good idea. They've always been soft on totalitarian countries and rarely bothered to follow up on reports of huge numbers of exterminations (see genocide, democide, mass murder).
For example, if Cambodia kills one million people for non-conformance to goverment policy, is that capital punishment, genocide, crimes against humanity, or what? The classification system used lets this slip between the cracks. The genocide article can't call it "genocide" because it was only politicaly, not aimed at wiping out an ethnic group. And I guess the capital punishment article won't say anything unless their are court records showing that the people were convicted first.
A lot of so-called human rights groups are phonies. They trump up a lot of cases against free world contries but ignore crimes that are hundreds or thousands of times worse. This is way beyond holding America to a higher standard. It's about pure hypocrisy: not holding your political cronies to ANY STANDARD AT ALL. --Uncle Ed 16:30, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)
[edit] Czech Republic / Slovakia
Re Qertis's revert of my edit: you cannot logically claim that the Czech Republic and Slovakia conducted last executions in 1989 and abolished the death penalty in 1990, because neither country existed until 1993. The execution and abolition referred to happened in Czechoslovakia, which is why Czechoslovakia is relevant. The short explanation I added is in the same category as that given for Germany in the same list. Cambyses 14:43, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)
- The last edit by Kulkuri seems fine to me. Qertis
[edit] Execution of minors
Removed this sentence from the legal form of punishment list:
- Only Somalia and the United States allow the execution of minors
Actually, a number of the countries on the list execute minors (i.e. persons under age of 18). Somalia and USA are the only countries not to have ratified the UN convention on rights of the child, which bars execution of minors. However, some of the other countries which have ratified the convention have reserved exceptions to Article 37 (the ban on minor executions) and other have ratified the convention without reservation but continue with minor executions anyway. Ellsworth 20:36, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
[edit] Amnesty International indicates 83 Abolitionist countries for all crimes NOT 86
The Amnesty International website on the death penalty states that there are 83 abolitionist countries and 13 abolitionist countries for ordinary crimes only. Their website was recently updated in January 2005 so I think wikipedia's article is incorrect in saying 86 abolitionist and 12 abolitionist for ordinary crimes. Check out Amnesty's website: http://web.amnesty.org/pages/deathpenalty-countries-eng
[edit] What is the point of this article?
As it stands, it's a simple mirror of Amnesty International's list. You may agree with their advocacy, but they are an advocacy group, and I haven't been able to find more information about their "classification scheme" for which crimes are "common" and which are "exceptional." In most of the U.S., capital punishment is reserved for the most heinous murder or for treason, so lumping it in the same category as Sudan, which executes people for being gay is POV; it seems to be contrived especially for the purpose of pointing to the U.S. and saying, "See? You're as bad as Sudan!" which is good and effective for an advocacy group but not really for an encyclopedia.
I think we should come up with our own classification for the list and trust Wikipedians with the knowledge of particular countries' laws to update it using verifiable sources other than (just) Amnesty International. Demi T/C 00:03, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)
- Personally I think that some form of this list has a place on Wikipedia. It includes more than just a list of countries as we also have dates that are sometimes hard to find elsewhere. We also have several countries that aren't on the Amnesty list as they are self-governing territories. And on a more personal level I think that the death penalty is slightly more important than half the cruft that lurks around here.
- We could just divide the countries into a list of "Has death penalty" and "Doesn't have death penalty" but then this also suffers from the same POV of lumping say Nauru, which has hasn't executed anyone since 1968 and the United States which has executed 13 people in 2005 [1]. And of course the US becomes complicated as this doesn't take into account individual states and then a federal level. Evil Monkey∴Hello 01:39, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
- Such a binary categorization would also have the effect of showing less information than what's there now. And of course the subject of the death penalty is important. The cure is probably more information, not less. In fact--what about this: let's keep the existing categories for now, but instead of just a bulleted list with the occasional note of detail, have a table with columns for "law provides death penalty," "last executed," "number executed," "crimes eligible" and "notes?" Then, when sufficient detail exists in the table, better categorizations might suggest themselves.
- Are you serious, I find these sorts of tables and maps very uesful, see List of countries with mains power plugs, voltages & frequencies for a similar one. —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 02:23, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
- This seems like a good task for Wikipedians since there's likely someone who knows these pieces of information for most of the countries on the list. Until better information is available, we can use the information from AI and approximate, so for example:
| Country | Death Penalty? | Last Execution | Number executed (2004) | Crimes Eligible for Death Penalty | Notes |
| Nauru | Yes | never | 0 | No executions since independence in 1968 | |
| United Kingdom | No | 1964 | 0 | Abolished in 1998 | |
| United States | Yes | 2005 | 59 | Generally only premeditated murder with aggravating circumstances. Federal death penalty for certain murders as well as treason, espionage and major drug trafficking | Not all states have the death penalty, though federal law provides for it in all states |
| Saudi Arabia | Yes | 2004 or later | 33 | Many violent and nonviolent offenses including murder, apostasy, drug offenses, witchcraft and sexual misconduct. |
- That's just a brief table to sketch the idea (I'm not very good with tables I'm afraid). Perhaps the whole table could be together, alphabetically, and the rows color-coded as the map is; or each category could be broken out with separate tables, as it is now.
- Another piece of information that might be useful is method of execution. Nearly all of the U.S.'s executions were by lethal injection while Saudi Arabia's were by beheading, for example [2].
- Anyway, thanks a lot for the discussion!
-
- An excellent idea! Alphabetically may be a good idea as if you are looking for a particular country it saves you looking through four different categories. An important thing will of course be sources for all information especially number executed and the laws. I think we can just Amnesty for the basic info (ie I don't think they are lying about which countries do and do not have the death penalty). Another thing that should probably happen in the page be moved to Use of capital punishment worldwide to move it into line with the Capital punishment in the United States, Capital punishment in the United Kingdom pages. I've had a go below at the table. The colours probably need to be toned down a bit (need someone with some experience with html colours. Perhaps the methods could come under notes as most countries will only use one form. Evil Monkey∴Hello 23:00, Apr 8, 2005 (UTC)
| Country | Death Penalty? | Last Execution | Number executed (2004) | Crimes Eligible for Death Penalty | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nauru |  Yes |
never | 0 | No executions since independence in 1968 | |
| Saudi Arabia |  Yes |
2004 or later | 33 | Many violent and nonviolent offenses including murder, apostasy, drug offenses, witchcraft and sexual misconduct. | |
| United Kingdom |  No |
1964 | 0 | Abolished in 1998 | |
| United States | Yes |
2005 | 59 | Generally only premeditated murder with aggravating circumstances. Federal death penalty for certain murders as well as treason, espionage and major drug trafficking | Not all states have the death penalty, though federal law provides for it in all states |
| Color Key: | |
| Blue | Abolished for all crimes |
| Green | Abolished for Ordinary Crimes |
| Orange | Abolitionist in Practice |
| Red | Legal Form of Punishment |
The table and key look great. The only thing I'd add (under the color key) is that these are the categories "according to Amnesty International" or something similar. I do think (part of) the eventual goal will be to come up with our own categories, which might number more or less than Amnesty's, but let's use these for now. I might take a whack at the article over the weekend if I have time--otherwise it might be a while. Demi T/C 23:50, 2005 Apr 8 (UTC)
I just thought of something. The color-filled cells might end up looking kind of neon in a big table with all the countries in it--hard on the eyes. What if, instead, we used a nice big circle next to the "Yes" or "No?" I've edited the table above accordingly (and used the colorblind-friendly colors from Image:Death Penalty World Map.png too. Demi T/C 00:14, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
Oh, and the rename would be good, too. Actually I think they should all refer to "death penalty" since "capital punishment" has the air of euphemism about it to me; but it makes sense to use the same term in the article titles. Demi T/C 00:29, 2005 Apr 9 (UTC)
[edit] crimes in US-states
this website contains a list of the crimes punishable with the death panelty in order of states... maybe someone can put them as a footnote to the US? I have no idea how to do that.
http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?did=144&scid=10
[edit] map
did anyone noticed that the map and the list are nor compatible? Armenia for instance is listed as death-penalty-free but is colored green in the map... maybe someone could change these errors...
- Well, I did change it, but as my account is too new to Wikimedia Commons, they would not let me overwrite the file. Someone please help change that. My version is over at Death Penalty World Map1.png. Thanks, Anarkial 06:21, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
[edit] People's Republic of China
In China capital crimes are: murder (art. 232), rape (art. 236, general rape, not only rape of children), kidnapping (discretionary, but mandatory if the hostage is killed), endangering national security (art. 113 punished by death any act of endangering national sucurity, no only crimes elencated above), arson (art 115), breaches a dam (art. 115), causing explosion (art.115), spread poison (art. 115), causing destructions (art. 115), using dangerous methods to harm public secutity, especially if the death or injury of another is caused (art 115), sabotage of facilities (art. 119), sabotage of infiammable equipment (art. 119), jailbreak, teaching criminal methods, using cult or fedual superstition to harm legal order, violence, causing injury or wounding (art. 232), theft of public or private property or habitual theft, speculation, production, selling or expostition of pornographic material, smuggling of precious metal (art. 151), smuggling of rare species or rare species product (art 151), smuggling of cultural relics (art. 151), smuggling with evasion of over 500.000 yuan (art. 153), attempted murder and other attempted crimes, manslaughter, hooliganism (not deleted), causing trouble, possession, selling or manufacturing gun, ammunition or explosives, piracy, pimping, human trafficking, killing rare species, crimes against cultural relics and other crimes. Francesco
[edit] "Only in the constitution"
I believe that the notices "Only in the constitution" next to many of the countries are misleading. I don't know whether or not the constitution of (for example) Russia mentions death penalty; even if it does, death penalty is not only in the constitution: it wasn't abolished from the criminal law, it is just not being carried out [3]. - Mike Rosoft 00:33, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
- Russian Constitution does; it says Capital execution could be set by federal law as an exceptional means of punishment for hardest crimes against life, in condition that accused has right to be treated by lay people (sorry my bad English). Execution in Chechnya was done nod by Russia, but by independent Ichkerian authorities; its mention here is arguable. KonstKaras 18:34, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Biocide?
Tajikistan lists (correctly from the source) biocide as a capital offence... Rich Farmbrough. 22:38, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Turkmenistan
It's abolished by their constitution, but that is meaningless. The leader has people executed for speaking badly about him. 64.131.176.162 01:50, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Can someone verify this?
I have discovered that in Switzerland you may ONLY be executed during wartime and ONLY if you have commited high treason (in other words, only if you have tried to kill a government member and have succeded/failed in doing so or if you have spied against Switzerland). Can some verify this information? User talk:Booksworm Booksworm 16:54, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
- Dear Booksworm,
- you asked this question before and as it seems you don't believe me here is the link to the Swiss "Strafgesetzbuch" which has a life term for "most heinous murder":
- http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/311_0/index.html
- Another link about death penalty in Switzerland is http://www.todesstrafe.ch/ where it says that the death penalty in military law was abolished. Since 1. January 2000 the death penalty is constitutionally forbidden. Sorry its all in German but as you are a citizen of the world ... ;-) (And sorry i can only falsify ...)
- --Susu the Puschel 23:25, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
Hi, I just want to point out one thing. Norway has not stepped totally away from death penalty. In the time of war, it is still allowed. Could someone fix this (I don't know so much about editting Wikipedia :) ) 217.149.124.183 17:33, 30 April 2006 (UTC)
- Where did you get that from?
- Please see (e.g.)
- http://web.amnesty.org/pages/deathpenalty-countries-eng
- http://www.handsoffcain.org/bancadati/schedastato.php?idstato=8000061&idcontinente=20
- http://www.norway.org/News/archive/2003/200305capitalpunishment.htm
- --Susu the Puschel 15:18, 5 May 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Israel
Israel has the civil death penalty for two crimes. One is the special law under which Eichmann was tried and executed. This law still exists and in principle could be used again. There is no "only in wartime" requirement. The other is in Section 99 of the Crimes Act: "A person who, with intent to assist an enemy in war against Israel, commits an act calculated so to assist him, is liable to the death sentence or to imprisonment for life." This crime does specifically state "in war" but to interpret that you have to realise that Israel considers itself to have been continuously at war from the day of its creation until today. So for example this law could be used (in principle) to execute someone who sold state secrets to Syria. Some in the Israeli government wanted to use it against Mordechai Vanunu, but he was charged with a non-capital offense instead. In summary, the situation with Israel is that the death penalty is very rare, but it still exists as a penalty that could be used today in principle. Incidentally, the article linked to says "in military law, the death penalty for murder has been imposed but never implemented" but that is quite wrong. In a very famous incident in June 1948, a soldier Meir Tubiansky was executed for "spying for the British" after a summary court-martial. I don't know if there have been other military executions (such things tend to be kept secret). 17:25, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
- Granted, but if death penalty is only an option for treason and crimes against humanity, it constitutes "only for exceptional crimes" (at least, according to Amnesty International [4]). I have attempted to clarify the table. - Mike Rosoft 19:11, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
- Fair enough. McKay 23:28, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
[edit] United States
"Federal law provides the death penalty for drug trafficking, although no prosecution has ever been brought under that provision." Is it really true, and if so, wasn't it effectively abolished by the Supreme Court decision that rape cannot be punished with death? - Mike Rosoft 09:31, 27 June 2006 (UTC)
- See 18 U.S.C. 3591(b). That was enacted I believe by the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, well after Coker v. Georgia. That case held that rape was not a serious enough offence to justify the death penalty; but is large scale drug trafficking a sufficiently serious offence to justify it? Well, its hard to say which way the Supreme Court would go on that question, until they actually are presented with one. I think the assumption is that the law is probably unconstitutional -- part of the evidence which the court considered was the paucity (compared with murder) of laws providing for the death penalty for rape, and the paucity of prosecutions/sentences/executions, which would be the same case here -- in any case, the assumption of unconstitutionality at least in part explains the absence of prosecutions. But that sets up a catch-22 -- so long as its assumed to be unconstitutional, prosecutors won't seek the death penalty; but so long as they don't seek the death penalty, there will be no cases for the Supreme Court to consider, so there won't be a ruling on whether it is unconstitutional or not. (I swear I have answered this before.) --SJK 13:44, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
[edit] South Korea
The modification of the 'picture'(worldwide map) is needed. In south korea, the last excution was held in 1997, so ten years ago. And I am quite sure that there wouldn't be more excution in our lifetime although the abolition will not be done soon. So it's 'Abolitionist in Practice' for South korea, not 'Legal Form of Punishment'. - 06 july 2006.
- If the last execution in South Korea took place in 1997, it is less than ten years ago. You should wait until the next year. But I agree that it will have to be recategorized; contrary to what you say, we may see abolition of death penalty fairly soon (see [5]). - Mike Rosoft 19:11, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Careful with sources
Please note that the overuse of Amnesty sources may contradict WP:NPOV. Stifle (talk) 00:01, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Australia
Australia has not used the death penalty since 1967, but it is still possible to be used for treason. There has been talk that David Hicks may recieve it if he is tried there.
- I've seen that claim mentioned once or twice in the media, but I suspect it's mistaken. At the federal level, the Death Penalty Abolition Act 1973 (the relevant section of which is viewable here) is quite explicit: "A person is not liable to the punishment of death for any offence." The state-level laws also seem to be fairly solid. Also, Australia has ratified the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which requires that "each State Party shall take all necessary measures to abolish the death penalty within its jurisdiction" (and explicitly addresses the issue of federal versus state law, too, saying that "the provisions of the present Protocol shall extend to all parts of federal States without any limitations or exceptions".) Assuming that the Australian government isn't going to blatantly lie about what its published laws say, I think we can assume that they've abolished the death penalty. The other sources I've seen (Amnesty International and so forth) indicate that the death penalty does not exist in Australia for any crime. (Perhaps the mistake is based on the fact that one state, New South Wales, did indeed retain the death penalty for treason for thirty years after it abolished the death penalty for murder). I see that Evil Monkey has amended the page back, anyway. -- Vardion 02:20, 15 September 2006 (UTC)
- I think part of the confusion may be that, as I understand, when abolishing the death penalty they did not amend the text of every extant piece of legislation which provided for it, they simply passed a general provision that "whenever a law provides for the death penalty, treat it as if it provided for life imprisonment instead." They did this because they wanted to abolish it for everything, but did not want to have to identify every ancient piece of legislation (remembering that British legislation, including centuries old legislation, up to a certain date is part of Australian law until a State or Federal parliament repeals it). Thus, a number of (esp. old) laws providing for the death penalty did remain in force, but read in conjunction with the later law they no longer provided for the death penalty even if their texts still said that they did. --SJK 13:27, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
[edit] Updated Asia page
I updated Iraq in the Asia page, because I have news that Taha Yassin Ramadan was executed by hanging today. More info on this link here.--Angeldeb82 20:02, 20 March 2007 (UTC)
[edit] New Chart?
| # | Country | Last Execution | Abolished in | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Algeria |
August 1993 | Treason and espionage; attempts to change the regime or actions aimed at incitement; destruction of territory, sabotage to public and economic utilities; massacres and slaughters; participation in armed bands or in insurrectionary movements; counterfeiting; murder; acts of torture or cruelty; kidnapping; aggravated theft | |||
 Angola |
1992 (by Constitution) |
||||
 Benin |
1987 | Armed robbery [1]; Murder [2]; traffickers involved in "labor exploitation" [3] | |||
 Botswana |
19 September 2003 [4] | Murder; Treason; Attempt on the life of the head of state; Mutiny; Desertion in the face of the enemy[5] | |||
 Burkina Faso |
1988 | Treason[6] | |||
| Burundi | 2000 or later [7] | Murder[8] | |||
 Cambodia Cameroon |
January 1997 [9] | Secession; espionage; incitement to war[10] | |||
| Cape Verde | 1835 | 1981 (by Constitution) |
|||
| Central African Republic | 1981 | Treason; espionage; charlatanism; witchcraft; assassination; murder[11] | |||
| Chad | 2003 [12] | Murder | |||
 Comoros |
1996 or later [13] | ||||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2003 [14] | ||||
| Republic of the Congo | 1982 | ||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | None since independence [15] | 2000 | |||
| Djibouti | None since independence | 1995 | |||
 Egypt |
2004 or later | Rape, only if accompanied by kidnapping of the victim. Murder. Treason. Organized Drug Trafficking. | |||
| Equatorial Guinea | |||||
| Eritrea | |||||
 Ethiopia |
|||||
 Gabon |
1981 [16] | ||||
| The Gambia | 1981 | Treason. Abolished 1993 but was reinstated by Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council in August 1995[17] | |||
 Ghana |
1993 | Murder; Treason; Armed robbery[17] | |||
| Guinea-Bissau | 1986 | 1993 (by Constitution) |
|||
| Guinea | 2001 [18] | Murder | |||
 Kenya |
1984 | Murder and armed robbery[14] | |||
 Lesotho |
|||||
| Liberia | 1995[17] | September 16, 2005 | Liberia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, completely abolishing the death penalty | ||
| Libya | 2005 [19] | High treason; attempt to forcibly change the form of government; premeditated murder[20] | |||
 Madagascar |
1958 | ||||
| Malawi | 1992[21] | ||||
| Mali | 1980 | ||||
| Mauritania | 1987 | Sodomy[22]; Apostasy[23] (Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it). | |||
| Mauritius | 1987 | 1995 | |||
 Morocco |
1993 | Terrorism[14]. An abolition law project is being presented to the Parliament of Morocco in spring 2007.
|
|||
 Mozambique |
1986 | 1990 (by Constitution) |
|||
 Namibia |
1988 | 1990 (by Constitution) |
|||
| Niger | 1976 | ||||
| Nigeria | 2001[17] | Sodomy [24]. Each of the 36 states have their own laws. In the north of the country the legal system used is Sharia (Islamic law) | |||
| Rwanda | 1998 [25] | Genocide [26] | |||
| São Tomé and Príncipe | None since independence | 1990 (by Constitution) |
|||
| Senegal | 1967 | 10 December 2004 | |||
| Seychelles | None since independence | 1993 (by Constitution) |
|||
| Sierra Leone | 1998 | Treason[27]; Murder; Aggravated robbery. Under the Special Court for Sierra Leone the death penalty is not a punishment for war crimes[28] | |||
| Somalia | 2 May 2006[29] | After the breakdown of de jure government, most regions reverted to Islamic law | |||
| Somaliland | |||||
| South Africa | 31 January 1991[9] | 1997 | On 25 May 2005 the Constitutional Court ordered that all remaining death sentences in the country be set aside and the prisoners resentenced. This last execution occurred in the internationally unrecognised Black "homelands". The last execution in Pretoria Central Prison was on November 14, 1989. | ||
| Sudan | 2004[30] | Sodomy[31]; Waging war against the state[32]; Apostasy[23]; Prostitution; Treason; Acts which may endanger the independence or unity of the state; Murder; Armed robbery; Weapons possession and smuggling[33] | |||
 Swaziland |
1983 [34] | Murder [35]; treason[36] | |||
 Tanzania |
1994 | Murder; Treason[37] | |||
 Togo |
1978 [38] | Premeditated murder; plots against the security of the State[39] | |||
 Tunisia |
1991 | Murder; violence and aggression; attacks against the internal security of the State; attacks against the external security of the State[40] | |||
| Uganda | 2003 [41] | Treason; Terrorism; Murder[42]; Rape; Defilement; Aggravated robbery; Aggravated kidnapping. On June 14, 2005 the Constitutional court ruled that although the death penalty was constitutional, its use as a mandatory punishment for certain crimes was not.[43] | |||
| Western Sahara | 1976 | The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic explicitly outlaws the death penalty; Article 13, from the 1991 revision reads "The death penalty is banned" (translated into English from the Arabic.)[44] | |||
 Zambia |
1997 | Murder; Aggravated robbery; High treason. President Levy Mwanawasa stated in 2004 that "For as long as I remain President, I will not execute a death warrant."[21] | |||
 Zimbabwe |
June 2003 [45] | Treason; Murder; Mutiny[46] |
—The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mnw2000 (talk • contribs) Xls 14:26, 22 January 2007 (UTC).
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