Upland Yuman language

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Upland Yuman is the Native American language spoken by the Yavapai, Hualapai, and Havasupai peoples of northwestern Arizona.

Upland Yuman belongs to the Pai branch of the Yuman-Cochimí linguistic family, together with Paipai, which is spoken in northern Baja California. The three Upland Yuman groups have separate sociopolitical identities, but a consensus among linguists is that the differences in speech among them lie only at the dialect level, rather than constituting separate languages (Campbell 1997:127; Goddard 1996:7; Kendall 1983:5-7; Mithun 1999:577-578). There is greater diversity between some dialects of Yavapai than between Hualapai and Havasupai (Kendall 1983:5).

For a bibliography of texts, grammars, and dictionaries that document the Upland Yuman language, see Langdon 1996.

[edit] Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford University Press.
• Goddard, Ives. (1996). "Introduction". In Languages, edited by Ives Goddard, pp. 1-16. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Vol. 17. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
• Kendall, Martha B. (1983). "Yuman languages". In Southwest, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 4-12. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Vol. 10. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
• Langdon, Margaret. (1996). "Bibliography of the Yuman languages". Survey of California and Other Indian Languages 9:135-159.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.