United States Special Operations Forces
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The United States Special Operations Forces is the official category where the United States Department of Defense lists the U.S. military units that have a training specialisation in unconventional warfare and special operations. Special Operations Forces are often referred to incorrectly as US Special Forces, which, in actuality, is the official name for the Green Berets.
The Department refers to such units (and similar foreign organisations) as Special Operations Forces (SOF).
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[edit] General information
During peacetime, SOF units are usually under the operational command of their assigned branch of the military. However, the Secretary of Defense can place all Special Operations Forces, as well as US Navy SEAL units, selected units of the US Air Force, and other units under the direct control of the United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM), usually in time of active hostilities.
U.S. SOF units have the same basic role in warfare as the special forces of most other countries, supplying small, elite units that can operate far behind enemy lines on sabotage, reconnaissance, counter-insurgency and other missions. Most have extensive airborne training.
[edit] List of United States Special Operations Forces
[edit] Counter-Terrorist Units
- 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (SFOD-D) "Delta Force" (United States Army)
- Navy Special Warfare Development Group "DEVGRU" (United States Navy)
- Intelligence Support Activity (known under various codenames since 1989, including Centra Spike, Torn Victor and Gray Fox) (United States Army)
[edit] Special Operation Forces
[edit] United States Army
- Special Forces ("Green Berets")
- 75th Ranger Regiment ("Rangers")
- 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne) "Night Stalkers" [160th SOAR (A)]
- 4th Psychological Operations Group (Airborne)
- 95th Civil Affairs Brigade (Airborne)
- Long Range Surveillance units (LRS, "lurse", in infantry units)
- Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition units (RSTA, in cavalry units)
- Pathfinders (in airborne units)
[edit] United States Navy
- SEAL (SEa, Air, Land) Teams
- Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen (SWCC "Swics", Special Boat Teams)
- SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV) Teams
[edit] United States Air Force
- 1st Special Operations Wing which includes
- 6th Special Operations Squadron - Green Beret equivalent in the Air Force.
- 4th and 16th Special Operations Squadrons - the only AC-130 Gunship squadrons
- Various other support aircraft including the CV-22, C-130, MC-130E/H/W, MH-53J/M, UH-1N/H, CN-235-100, An-26, U-28A, CASA 212, MQ-1A/B Predator, and Mi-8.
- 352d Special Operations Group
- 353d Special Operations Group
- 720th Special Tactics Group which includes
- Air Force Special Tactics members consisting of all Pararescuemen, Combat Controllers, and Combat Weathermen.
- Tactical Air Control Parties (TACPs)
[edit] United States Marine Corps
- Marine Force Reconnaissance companies
- Marine Reconnaissance battalions
- Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable)
- Radio Reconnaissance Platoon
- FAST (Fleet Antiterrorism Security Team) companies
- Special Reaction Teams
- Scout Snipers
[edit] United States Coast Guard
- Port Security Units (overseas port security for U.S. Navy and allied civilian installations)
- Law Enforcement Detachments
- Maritime Safety and Security Teams (MSST)
[edit] Intelligence Community Special Units
- Strategic Support Branch (SSB, DIA)
- Special Activities Division (CIA)
- Special Collection Service (SCS, joint NSA - CIA)
- Proactive and Preemptive Operations Group (P2OG, DoD)
[edit] Disbanded or Inactive Units
In the modern U.S. military structure since World War II, dozens of special operations units have been formed and later disbanded. Many were created for a specific, limited objective (such as Task Force 11), or for a specific conflict. In some cases, a special operations unit is reconstituted under a different name, usually for reasons of security, or evolves from a pilot project into a more permanent force. See Former United States special operations units.
[edit] U.S. Special Operations Centers, Schools, and Courses
- Ranger School and Course - Fort Benning
- John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School - Fort Bragg
- Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course - Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center
- Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL Training - Naval Special Warfare Center
- Air Force Special Operations School - Hurlburt Field
[edit] Federal Law Enforcement Special Units
- Special Response Teams - U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
- Special Operations Group - United States Marshals Service
- Hostage Rescue Team - Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Mobile Enforcment Teams - Drug Enforcement Administration
- Special Response Teams - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
- Diplomatic Security Service - Department of State
[edit] Foreign Exchange Units
[edit] Australia
[edit] Canada
[edit] United Kingdom
- Special Air Service
- Special Boat Service
- Special Reconnaissance Regiment
- Special Forces Support Group
- Royal Marines
- Parachute Regiment
[edit] France
[edit] Germany
- Kampfschwimmer
- KSK (Kommando Spezialkräfte)
- Grenzschutzgruppe 9
[edit] Israel
[edit] Mexico
- Fuerzas Especiales
- Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales
- Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales del Alto Mando
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- USDOD (June 5, 2003). US DOD Dictionary of Military Terms. United States Department of Defense. United States of America. Retrieved on January 11, 2004.
- USDOD (June 5, 2003). US DOD Dictionary of Military Terms: Joint Acronyms and Abbreviations. United States Department of Defense. United States of America. Retrieved on January 11, 2004.
- CSM Eric Haney (retired, former Delta Force operator and founding member [2002]. Inside Delta Force: The Story of America's Elite Counterterrorist Unit. Delacorte Press. ISBN 0-385-33603-9.
- Linda Robinson (2004). Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces. PublicAffairs. ISBN 1-58648-249-1.
- Mark Bowden (1999). Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern Warfare. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0-87113-738-0.
- Sean Naylor (2005). Not a Good Day to Die : The Untold Story of Operation Anaconda. The Berkeley Publishing Group. ISBN 0-425-19609-7.
- United States Special Operations. SpecialOperations.com. Retrieved on January 11, 2004.
- Special Forces Units. Retrieved on October 8, 2006.
[edit] External links
U.S. Armed Forces: Special Operations, Special Mission and Counterterrorist Units. SpecialOperations.com. Retrieved on October 8, 2006.