Uniform access principle

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The Uniform Access Principle was put forth by Bertrand Meyer. It states "All services offered by a module should be available through a uniform notation, which does not betray whether they are implemented through storage or through computation." This principle applies generally to object-oriented programming languages. In simpler form, it states that there should be no difference between working with an attribute, precomputed property, or method/query.

While most examples focus on the "read" aspect of the principle, Meyer shows that the "write" implications of the principle are harder to deal with in his monthly column on the Eiffel programming language official website.

Many languages have various degrees of support for UAP, where some of the implementations violate the spirit of UAP.

1 UAP Example
2 Language Examples

[edit] UAP Example

If a language allows access to a variable via dot-notation and assignment

Foo.bar = 5 //Assigns 5 to the object variable "bar"

then these operations should be the same :

//Assume print displays the variable passed to it, with or without parens
//Assume Foo.bar = 5 for now
print Foo.bar
print Foo.bar()

When executed, should display :

5
5

This allows the object to still hide information as well as being easy to access.

The same should be true for setting the data.

Foo.bar = 5
Foo.bar(5)
//These should achieve the same goal

[edit] Language Examples

[edit] Ruby

Ruby programming language :

class Foo
  attr_reader :x
  def initialize(x)
    @x = x
  end
  def x_times_5
    return @x*5
  end
end

y = Foo.new(2)
puts y.x
puts y.x_times_5

This outputs:

2
10

Note how even though x is an attribute and x_times_5 is a parameterless method call, they're accessed the same way.

[edit] Python

Python programming language

class Foo(object):
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.setx(x)

    def getx(self):
        return self.__x

    def setx(self, x):
        self.__x = x

    def getx_times_5(self):
        return self.x*5
    
    x = property(getx, doc="getter for x")
    x_times_5 = property(getx_times_5, doc="getter for x, times 5")

y = Foo(2)
print y.x
print y.x_times_5

This outputs:

2
10

Python properties can be used to achieve UAP. It should be noted that this method of using properties to map other functions to variable access matches Meyer's idea of UAP closely (Eiffel uses a similar mechanism).