Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base

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Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base is a Royal Thai Air Force facility and is the home of Wing 21 of the RTAF 2nd Air Division. The facility is also being used as a civil airport.

During the Vietnam War it was a front-line base of the United States Air Force.

1 Location
2 USAF Use During The Vietnam War
3 Ubon RTAFB Today
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

[edit] Location

Ubon RTAFB is located in East- Central Thailand, near the city of Ubon Ratchathani, in the Ubon Ratchathani Province. It is approximately 305 miles (488 kilometers) North-East of Bangkok. The Laotian border is about 40 miles (60 kilometers) directly East.

[edit] USAF Use During The Vietnam War

Ubon was a front-line facility of the United States Air Force (USAF) during the Vietnam War from 1965 through 1975. The USAF forces at Ubon were under the command of the United States Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). Australia also supplied Sabre aircraft, F86 to fly escort missions for the USAF aircraft. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) served from 1962 to 1968. Ubon was the location for TACAN station Channel 51 and was referenced by that identifier in voice communications during air missions.

The APO for Ubon was APO San Francisco, 96304

USAF Aircraft stationed at Ubon were: A-1E, AC-47D, B-26, B-57B, C-46, C-47, C-123, C-130, CH-3, CH-53, EC-47, F-4D/E, F-102, F-104, HH-43B, HH-3C, H-53, H-60, RB-66, RC-121, RF-4C, RF-101C, O-1, OV-1, P-2, T-28, U-10, U-23

[edit] 8th Tactical Fighter Wing

The 8th Tactical Fighter Wing arrived at Ubon on 8 December 1965 as part of the US deployment of forces for Operation Rolling Thunder and became the host unit. At Ubon, the 8th TFW's mission included bombardment, ground support, air defense, interdiction, and armed reconnaissance.

The operational squadrons of the 8th TFW were:

433d Tactical Fighter 8 December 1965 - 23 July 1974 (F-4C/D Tail Code: FG)
497th Tactical Fighter 8 December 1965 - 16 September 1974 (F-4C/D Tail Code: FP)
555th Tactical Fighter 25 February 1966 - 1 June 1968 (F-4C/D Tail Code: FY)
435th Tactical Fighter 5 June 1966 - 8 August 1974 (initially F-104C, no tail code; then F-4D Tail Code: FO)
25th Tactical Fighter 25 May 1968 - 5 July 1974 (F-4D Tail Code: FA)

16th Special Operations 30 October 1968 - 8 December 1975 (AC-130A/E/H Tail Code: FT)

13th Bombardment 1 October 1970 - 24 December 1972 (B-57G Tail Code: FS/FK)

360th Tactical Electronic Warfare 1970 - 1972 (EC-47 Tail Code: AJ) TDY from 460th TRW Tan Son Nhut Air Base South Vietnam)

79 Squadron RAAF 1962 - 1968

Note: 555TFS transferred from 40th TFS/33d TFW Eglin AFB Florida. 12th TFW Combat squadrons initially scheduled for deployment to Vietnam were the 555th, 557th and 558th TFS. Ultimately, the 559th TFS took the place of the 555th when the "Triple Nickel" was diverted to a second TDY with the 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing at Naha AB in the Ryukyu Islands followed by a re-assignment to the 8th TFW at Ubon AB in Thailand. Still later the 555th was assigned to the 432d TFRW at Udon AB in Thailand.

Tenant units at Ubon RTAFB included the 23rd Tactical Air Support Squadron flying the OV-10. The 23rd's "Rustic FAC's" flew missions in support of ground forces, interdiction missions and armed convoy support. Another tenant, the 3rd Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Group performed a vital support role in crash rescue, aircrew recovery and evacuation missions.

The 222nd Tactical Fighter Squadron, Royal Thai Air Force, performed their mission with T-28, C-47 and HH-34 helicopters.

[edit] Rolling Thunder

McDonnell F-4D-29-MC Phantom Serial Number 66-0234 of the 435th Tactial Fighter squadron with laser guided bombs on a mission north. This aircraft survived the war and eventually was sent to AMARC for scrapping 29 September 1989

1966

On 23 April 1966, the 8th TFW scored its first MiG kills of the Vietnam War, shooting down two MiG-17 fighters.

In July 1966, the 435th TFS from Eglin AFB, FL, equipped with F-104s, was added to the wing structure -- although still operating from Udon RTAFB. In June 1967, the 435th TFS deployed to Ubon. (The tail code of the 435th was "FO".) By the end of June 1966, after only six months in the theater, the wing had flown more than 10,000 combat sorties, achieving a 99 per cent sortie rate for which they received many commendations.

More than 13,809 aircraft sorties were recorded by December 1966, and the 555th "Triple Nickel" squadron became the first squadron to shoot down five MIGs kills since the Korean War, and went on score 19 of its 38 kills while assigned to the 8th.

1967

The wing flew mainly air-to-air missions against MiG aircraft over North Vietnam. Starting the year in January 1967 with Operation Bolo, the 8th TFW downed seven MiG-21s in one day, and two more, 2 days later. For the mission, the F-4 aircraft of the wing flew in a way that simulated an F-105 strike, thus drawing enemy MiGs into a trap. The trick was that the F-4s would pretend to be F-105s using their ECM pod "signatures" -- and using F-105 tankers and even following F-105 routes and duplicating their airspeed. Wing commander Col. Robin Olds led the mission, scored a kill, and originated the use of the nickname "Wolf Pack" for the wing as an outcome. From this action and others, Bob Hope quipped that the 8th TFW was "the leading MiG parts distributor in Asia."

Beginning in May 1967, new F-4D aircraft from the 4th TFW at Eglin AFB were delivered to Ubon, re-equipping the 433d, 497th and the 555th TFSs. In addition the 435th Tactical Fighter Squadron was reassigned to the 8th TFW from Udon RTAFB and equipped with new F-4Ds from Eglin. This gave the wing the distinction of being the first in Southeast Asia to be operationally equipped with F-4Ds.

Using these aircraft, Wolfpack pilots struck the previously untouched Canal des Rapides Bridge and the Paul Doumer bridge, near Hanoi plus many other strategic military and industrial targets. The final phase out of the F-4C was completed by the end of 1967 and the wing became fully equipped with the F-4D.

By the end of August the wing logged more than 50,000 combat sorties since its arrival in Southeast Asia. These sorties ran the gamut from MIGs combat air patrol to interdiction missions. The wing's flexibility in response to mission changes also added immeasurably to its effectiveness in interdicting movement of enemy supplies, manpower and equipment into South Vietnam.

At the end of December 1967, the 555th TFS had 18 MIGs kills while its sister squadron, the 433rd TFS, had 12 MIG's on its records. The wing, chalking up a total of 30 MIG's, emerged as the top MiG-killing unit as 1967 ended. Significant events occurred in 1967, which resulted In the 8th TFW becoming the first Air Force fighter unit to bomb an enemy airfield. Major Thomas D. Hirsch, 555th TFS, was credited with destroying five enemy MIG's on the ground during the attack.

1968

On 21 January 1968 the wing began flying missions to support the defense of Khe Sanh, hitting infiltration routes to slow the deployment of North Vietnamese troops to the area and attacking trucks to deny supplies to the enemy.

On 23 May 1968, the wing made its first combat use of the Paveway laser guided bomb. To drop the new weapon, the 8th had to modify some of its F-4D aircraft with laser illuminators to designate the targets.

On 28 May 1968, the 555th TFS departed Ubon for the 432d TFW at Udon RTAFB where it would bring the unit up to strength (joining the 13th TFS and 14th TRS). The 25th Tactical Fighter Squadron, formerly with the 33rd TFW, Eglin AFB, Fla., replaced the "Triple Nickel" as the fourth F-4D fighter-bomber squadron at Ubon.

By the end of May, eight and a half MIG's added to the wing's roll of kills. The total of 38 1/2 insured retention of its title of top MIG-killer of the Vietnam War.

[edit] October 1968-April 1972

Special Operations Squadron

Lockheed C/AC-130A-LM Hercules Serial 55-0029 of the 16th Special Operations Squadron, May 1974. This aircraft survived the war and eventually was sent to AMARC for scrapping 15 November 1994

With the arrival of the 16th Special Operations Squadron in October 1968 flying the AC-130 gun ships ("Spectre") the wing's mission was greatly enhanced. When the bombing of North Vietnam was halted in November 1968, the wing's mission turned to interdiction missions against the flow of supplies down the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

The squadron also flew the AC/NC-123 beginning in December 1969. The aircraft did not carry side-firing weapons, but rather had a very long, nose fairing that housed a forward-looking radar and two internal, aluminum weapons dispensers for CBU bomblets. Only two of these aircraft were converted from the basic C-123 Provider. This weapon system proved less effective than its counterpart, the AC-130, and operations with it were discontinued in June 1970

During 1970 the squadron recorded destroying nearly 15,000 trucks, earning them a new title of "top truck killers". On 22 July 1974, the 16th SOS was transferred to Korat RTAFB. In December 1975, the 16 SOS began its move to Hurlburt Field, Florida, with the first gunship arriving on 12 December 1975. By the end of January 1976, all the men and women of the 16 SOS had left Thailand.

13th Bomb Squadron

13th Bomb Squadron Martin B-57G from Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base

The 13th Bomb Squadron was assigned from September 1970 until April 1972, flying the B-57G The 13th flew mostly night interdiction missions against North Vietnamese truck traffic on the Ho Chi Minh trail. using AC-130 gunships for ground support and armed reconnaissance, and F-4Ds for fast-forward air control, interdiction, escort, armed reconnaissance, and other special missions.

After North Vietnam invaded the Republic of Vietnam in March 1972, the 8th Wing was augmented by additional F–4 units from the United States. To make room for these forces, the B–57 squadron moved to the Philippines.

[edit] Linebacker

On 10 May 1972, as part of the first day of strikes during Operation Linebacker, the wing destroyed the Paul Doumer Bridge near Hanoi. Using laser-guided bombs, the wing was able to put the bridge out of commission. On 13 May 1972 the wing using laser-guided bombs, attacked the Thanh Hoa Bridge, destroying this vital supply line of the North Vietnamese.

F-4E squadrons temporarily deployed from CONUS to Ubon during the Constant Guard buildups also participated in the Linebacker raids, flying primarily as chaff bombers and strike escorts, in Operation Linebacker II in December 1972, and in support of the Lon Nol government in Cambodia:

4th Tactical Fighter Wing, Seymour Johnson AFB, North Carolina
- 334th Tactical Fighter 11 April 1972 - 8 July 1972 (Tail Code: SA); 25 September 1972 - 12 March 1973 (Tail Code: SJ)
- 336th Tactical Fighter 12 April 1972 - 15 September 1972 (Tail Code: SJ); 9 March 1973 - 7 September 1973
- 335th Tactical Fighter 8 August 1972 - 31 December 1972 (Tail Code: SJ)

31st Tactical Fighter Wing, Homestead AFB, Florida
- 308th Tactical Fighter 11 December 1972 - 11 January 1973 (Tail Code: ZF)

33d Tactical Fighter Wing, Eglin AFB, Florida
- 58th Tactical Fighter 8 June 1973 - 14 September 1973 (Tail Code: ED)

[edit] USAF Withdrawal

With the Paris Peace Accord of 1973 ending the war in Vietnam, the need for large numbers of USAF aircraft in Thailand was reduced. The wing continued combat in Laos until 22 February 1973, and in Cambodia until 15 August 1973. F–4 augmentation forces were released in September 1973.

In mid-1974 the wing began to lose personnel, aircraft, and units. The last scheduled F–4 training flight occurred on 16 July l974, and on 16 September the wing and most of its components moved without personnel or equipment to Kunsan Air Base, South Korea, where the wing absorbed resources of the 3d TFW that had moved without personnel or equipment to the Philippines

On 31 July 1974 the base was closed for good and the facility turned over to the Thai government.

[edit] Decorations

Presidential Unit Citation: 16 Dec 1966–2 Jan 1967; 1 Mar 1967–31 Mar 1968; 1 Jan–1 Apr 1971.

Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device: 16 Dec 1965–15 Dec 1966; 1 Apr–30 Sep 1968; 1 Jan–31 Dec 1970; 1 Oct 1971–31 Mar 1972; 1 Apr–22 Oct 1972; 18 Dec 1972–15 Aug 1973.

Air Force Outstanding Unit Award: 12 May 1963– 21 Mar 1964; 1 Apr 1977–31 Mar 1978; 1 Jun 1986–31 May 1988.

Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm: 1 Apr 1966– 28 Jan 1973.