Tyrannosauridae

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Tyrannosaurs
T. rex skull, picture taken at Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
Conservation status
Extinct (fossil)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Superorder: Dinosauria Order: Saurischia Suborder: Theropoda Superfamily: Tyrannosauroidea Family: Tyrannosauridae Osborn, 1906
Genera
See text.

Tyrannosaurs, tyrant lizards or members of the Tyrannosauridae are a carnivorous dinosaur family whose name is derived from the Greek words tyrannos, meaning 'tyrant' and sauros, meaning 'lizard'.

Tyrannosaurids were originally classified as 'carnosaurs', along with most of the rest of the large theropods. Recent phylogenetic studies, however, have determined that tyrannosaurids are coelurosaurs, a group which also includes the ornithomimids and the maniraptorans. Thus, they are more closely related to dromaeosaurids than to other large predatory dinosaur groups such as the allosaurids. Discoveries of basal, coelurid-like tyrannosauroids have helped solidify this link. ^[1] These discoveries also give evidence that tyrannosauroids may have been feathered.

Tyrannosaurs are characterized by broad, massive skulls, short, powerful necks, and reduced 'arms' with only two digits. Notable specimens include "Jane", the world's most complete juvenile T. rex.

• Weight: up to 6.4 tonnes (up to 7 US tons)
• Length: up to 14 metres (up to 46 ft)
• Location: Western Europe, North America, Central and East Asia (area dependent on species)
• Period: Late Cretaceous

Contents 1 Taxonomy 1.1 Classification 1.2 Phylogeny 2 References

[edit] Taxonomy

[edit] Classification

The Tyrannosaurids contain several genera and species, of which Tyrannosaurus rex is undoubtedly the most well-known.

• Superfamily Tyrannosauroidea (primitive tyrannosaurs)
  • Family Tyrannosauridae
    • Subfamily Albertosaurinae
      • Appalachiosaurus
      • Bagaraatan
      • Xinjiangovenator
      • Tribe Albertosaurini
        • Albertosaurus
        • Gorgosaurus
    • Subfamily Tyrannosaurinae
      • Alioramus
      • Daspletosaurus
      • Tribe Tyrannosaurini
        • Nanotyrannus
        • Tarbosaurus
        • Tyrannosaurus
    • Uncertain placement (incertae sedis)
      • Aublysodon
      • Deinodon

[edit] Phylogeny

Cladogram after Carr (2005) and Mortimer (2006, online)[1].

Tyrannosauridae
|-?Aublysodon
|-?Deinodon
|--Albertosaurinae
|  |--+--Appalachiosaurus
|  |  `-?+--Bagaraatan
|  |     `-?Xinjiangovenator
|  `--Albertosaurini
|     |--Gorgosaurus
|     `--Albertosaurus
`--Tyrannosaurinae
   |--Daspletosaurus
   `--+-?Alioramus
      |--Tarbosaurus
      |-?Tyrannosaurus? zhuchengensis
      `--Tyrannosaurus

[edit] References