Tycho-2 Catalogue
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The Tycho-2 Catalogue is a catalogue of more than 2.5 million of the brightest stars.
The astrometric reference catalogue contain positions, proper motions, and two-color photometric data for the 2,539,913 of the brightest stars in the sky. Components of double stars with separations down to 0.8 arcseconds are included. The catalog is 99% complete to V~11.0 and 90% complete to v~11.5.
The Tycho-2 positions and magnitudes are based on the observations collected by the star mapper of the European Space Agency's Hipparcos satellite. They are the same observations used to compile the Tycho-1 Catalogue (ESA SP-1200, 1997). However, Tycho-2 is much larger and a bit more precise, because a more advanced reduction technique was used.
The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) first compiled the ACT (Astrographic Catalog/Tycho) Reference Catalog, containing nearly one million stars, by combining the Astrographic Catalogue (AC 2000) with the Tycho-1 Catalogue; the large epoch span between the two catalogs improved the accuracy of proper motions by about an order of magnitude. Tycho-2 now supersedes the ACT.
Proper motions precise to about 2.5 marcsec/a are given as derived from a comparison with the Astrographic Catalogue (AC 2000) and 143 other ground-based astrometric catalogues, all reduced to the Hipparcos celestial coordinate system. There were only about 100,000 stars for which proper motion could not be derived. For stars brighter than Vt=9, the astrometric error is 7 milliarcseconds. The overall error for all stars is 60 milliarcseconds. The observational period was from 1989.85 to 1993.21 and the mean satellite observation epoch is 1991.5.
Photometric accuracy for stars brighter than Vt=9 is 0.013 magnitude; for all stars it is 0.10 magnitude.
[edit] Accessing the catalog
To enable rapid access of specific stars in the catalog, WCSTools software numbers each star using its Guide Star region number (0001-9537) and a five-digit star number within each region, separated by a decimal point. sty2 lists Tycho-2 stars by number or sky region. imty2 lists the Tycho-2 stars within an IRAF or FITS image using the world coordinate system defined in its header.
A Perl program for extracting data from the catalog is available from http://archive.eso.org/ASTROM/. Tycho-2 File Formats WCSTools software uses the files catalog.dat and index.dat.
[edit] References
Hog, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P.; Wicenec, A. (2000) The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars, Astronomy & Astrophysics, v.355, pp. L27-L30.
The following FTP sites make the Tycho-2 catalog available as 19 gzipped files. After retrieving them and the index.dat file, combine the gzipped files into catalog.dat. The resulting files will differ from the files on the CD-ROM in that they will end lines with only a linefeed, while the CD-ROM version for which WCSTools software was written terminates lines with a carriage return and a linefeed. Add the carriage returns back to the files using the unix2dos -ascii command.
Put the catalog.dat and index.dat files in a subdirectory data/ to the directory pointed to by the TY2_PATH environment parameter or the ty2cd variable in libwcs/ty2read.c.
