Trimeresurus albolabris
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| Trimeresurus albolabris Gray, 1842 |
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Common names: white-lipped tree viper, white-lipped pitviper.[2]
Trimeresurus albolabris is a venomous pit viper species found in Southeast Asia. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate race described here.[3]
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[edit] Description
Total length males 600 mm, females 810; tail length males 120 mm, females 130 mm.[4]
Head scalation consists of 10-11(12) upper labials, the first partially or completely fused to the nasal. Head scales small, subequal, feebly imbricate, smooth or weakly keeled. The supraoculars are narrow, occasionally enlarged and undivided with 8-12 interocular scales between them. Temporal scales smooth.[4]
Midbody has 21 (rarely 19) longitudinal scale rows. The ventral scales are 155-166 in males, 152-176 in females. The subcaudals are paired, 60-72 in males, 49-66 in females. The hemipenes are without spines.[4]
Color pattern: green above, the side of the head below the eyes is yellow, white or pale green, much lighter than rest of head. The belly is green, yellowish or white below. A light ventrolateral stripe present in all males, but absent in females. The end of tail not mottled brown.[4]
[edit] Geographic range
Northern India (Assam), Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, southern China (Fukien, Hainan, Kwangsi, Kwantung), Hong Kong, West Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Madoera, Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Roti, Timor, Kisar, Wetar). The type locality is given as "China".[1]
India (Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, southern China (from Yunnan east to Guangdong and Hainan, north to Anhui, Fukien, Kwangsi), West Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Sumba, Flores, Roti, Timor, Wetar, Kisar).[2]
According to David & Vogel (2000): Race albolabris : Indonesia (Bangka, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan [?], Madura, Sulawesi); Cambodia; Hong Kong; India (including Nicobar Islands); Laos; Macau; Myanmar; China (including Hainan); Thailand; Vietnam.[2]
Race septentrionalis: Bangladesh, India, Nepal.[5]
[edit] Subspecies
| Species[3] | Authority[3] | Geographic range |
|---|---|---|
| T. a. albolabris | Gray, 1842 | |
| T. a. insularis | Kramer, 1977 | Type locality: "Soe, Timor."[1] |
| T. a. septentrionalis | Kramer, 1977 | Nepal and northwestern India (Simla)[4] |
[edit] Taxonomy
Giannasi et al. (2001) considers T. a. septentrionalis a species: T. septentrionalis.[6][5]
[edit] Cited references
- ^ a b c McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ a b c Species Trimeresurus albolabris at the Species2000 Database
- ^ a b c Trimeresurus albolabris (TSN 634904). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed on 7 August 2006.
- ^ a b c d e Leviton AE, Wogan GOU, Koo MS, Zug GR, Lucas RS, Vindum JV. 2003. The Dangerously Venomous Snakes of Myanmar, Illustrated Checklist with Keys. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 54 (24):407-462. PDF at Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. Accessed 8 August 2006.
- ^ a b Species Trimeresurus septentrionalis at the Species2000 Database
- ^ Giannasi N, Thorpe RS, Malhotra A. 2001. The use of amplified fragment length polymorphism in determining species trees at fine taxonomic levels: analysis of a medically important snake, Trimeresurus albolabris. Molecular Ecology 10:419-426. PDF at Homepage of Professor Roger Stephen Thorpe, University of Wales, Bangor. Accessed 8 August 2006.
[edit] Other references
- Das I. 1999. Biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. In: Ota, H. (ed) Tropical Island herpetofauna, Elsevier, pp. 43-77.
- David P, Vogel V. 2000. On the occurrence of Trimeresurus albolabris (Gray 1842) on Sumatra Island, Indonesia (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 80(1/2):225-232.
- Einfalt P. 2002. Haltung und Vermehrung von Trimeresurus albolabris (Gray 1842). Elaphe. 10(4):31-36.
- Gray, J. E. 1842. Synopsis of the species of Rattle snakes, or Family of Crotalidae. The Zoological Miscellany. 2:47-51.
- Gumprecht, A. 2001. Die Bambusottern der Gattung Trimeresurus Lacépède Teil IV: Checkliste der Trimeresurus-Arten Thailands. Sauria 23 (2): 25-32.
- Leviton AE, Wogan GOU, Koo MS, Zug GR, Lucas RS, Vindum JV. 2003. The Dangerously Venomous Snakes of Myanmar, Illustrated Checklist with Keys. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 54 (24):407-462 .
- Parkinson CL. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of Pit Vipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia (3): 576-586.
- Tu MC, Wang HY, Tsai MP, Toda M, Lee WJ, Zhang FJ, Ota H. 2000. Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of the Oriental Pit Vipers of the Genus Trimeresurus (Reptilia: Viperidae: Crotalinae): A Molecular Perspective. Zoological Science 17: 1147-1157.
