Traverse City State Hospital
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The Traverse City State Hospital of Traverse City, Michigan has been variously known as Northern Michigan Asylum and Traverse City Regional Psychiatric Hospital. It is the last Kirkbride Building left in the state.
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[edit] History
Northern Michigan Asylum for the Insane was established in 1885 as the demand for a third psychiatric hospital, in addition to those established in Kalamazoo and Pontiac, Michigan, began to grow. Lumber baron Perry Hannah, “the father of Traverse City,” used his political influence to secure its location in his home town. Under the supervision of prominent architect Gordon W. Lloyd, the first building, known as Building 50, was constructed with Victorian-Italianate style according to the Kirkbride Plan.
Under Dr. James Decker Munson (1848-1929), the first superintendent from 1885 to 1924, the institution expanded. 12 housing cottages and 2 infirmaries were built between 1887 and 1903 to meet the specific needs of more male and female patients. The institution became the city’s largest employer and contributed to its growth.
Long before the advent of drug therapy in the 1950s, Dr. Munson was a firm believer in the “beauty is therapy” philosophy. Patients were treated through kindness, comfort, pleasantry, and exposure to the asylum’s plentiful arrangements of flora provided year round by its own greenhouses and the variety of trees Dr. Munson planted on the grounds. Restraints, such as the straitjacket were forbidden. Also, as part of the “work is therapy” philosophy, the asylum provided opportunities for patients to gain a sense of purpose through farming, furniture construction, fruit canning, and other trades that kept the institution fully self-sufficient.
While the hospital was established for the care of the mentally ill, its reach expanded during outbreaks of tuberculosis, epilepsy, typhoid, diphtheria, influenza, and polio. It also cared for elderly and trained nurses. After Munson’s retirement, James Decker Munson Hospital was honorably established on the grounds in 1926, which was operated by the state well after his death and into the 1950s. It was then replaced by Munson Medical Center, known for being one of the top hospitals in the country.
With the gradual success in drug therapies in the 1970s, many patients were cured and/or improved, leaving many of the buildings empty. This, in addition to changes in mental health care philosophy, the decline of institutionalization, and cuts in funding, the Traverse City Regional Psychiatric Hospital was forced to shut down in 1989.
[edit] Future
Starting in 2000, The Minervini Group began negotiating with the Grand Traverse Commons Redevelopment Corporation and secured an agreement to renovate the historic buildings. Their efforts have led to the gradual, but successful preservation and development of the Building 50 as part of The Village, offering an array of residential and commercial opportunities. By 2005, the southernmost wing and Hall 20 (Phase One) in were fully completed and in use.
[edit] Trivia
- In addition to Traverse City, the other four original prospective locations to build Michigan’s third institution included Greenville, Manistee, Reed City, and Big Rapids.
- Upon its closure, TCSH had housed 50,000 patients, hired 20,000 employees, and accepted 250,000 visitors.
- The state hospital dairy herd included a “World’s Champion Cow” named Traverse Colantha Walker. In her honor, a massive gravestone was placed near the historic barns, where it remains today.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Traverse City State Hospital — History, photos, message board, organizations
- Angels in the Archicture, by Heidi Johnson — Information, history, photographs
- Heidi Johnson — Photography
- Kirkbride Buildings — Information, history, photographs
- Historic Asylums — Information, history, photographs
- Rolling Centuries Historical Farm — Preservation efforts for the historic barns
- Munson Medical Center
- Grand Traverse Pavilions — An assisted living center that shares the Grand Traverse Commons and some of the former hospital cottages.
