Transport in Vietnam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

[edit] Railways

[edit] Railway links with adjacent countries

[edit] See also

[edit] Maps

[edit] Highways

Viet Nam’s road system includes: national roads administered by the central level; provincial roads managed by the provincial level, district roads managed by the district level, urban roads managed by cities and towns: and commune roads managed by the commune level. The total length of the Viet Nam road system is about 222,179 km with 19.0 % paved, mainly national roads and provincial roads (source: Vietnam Road Administration, 2004). The national road system length is 17,295 km with 83.5% of its length paved. The provincial road system is 27,762 km of length with 53.6% paved.

Expressway is rather a new concept for Vietnamese, traffic is growing rapidly but the major roads are dangerous due to inappropriate design and an inappropriate traffic mix. Expressways would solve these problems along the key corridors, by separating high speed traffic from slower, local traffic.

Viet Nam currently recognizes two classes of expressway. Both have a minimum of two lanes in each direction, but Class A has grade separated interchanges, while Class B has at-grade intersections. There are 4 design-speed categories: 60, 80, 100 and 120 Km/h. Generally all cars, buses and trucks are permitted on the expressway but cong nong and motorcycles of less than 70cm³ engine capacity are not.

Road finance comes from a number of sources including the government, overseas donors such as the ADB,WB, JBIC and business organizations. Road investment recovery is mainly through tolls collected on bridges and roads, in accordance with laws mentioned above.

Viet Nam Expressway Corporation (VEC) was established in October 2004 as an institution to develop the expressways in Viet Nam. It is the only expressway company of MOT. VEC is a fully state-owned company. Current VEC business activities consist of promoting and developing five active expressway projects and well as developing the expressway network plan. In addition, VEC is proceeding with its first bond issue as well as starting negotiations on mixed ODA/OCR loans and discussing PPP/BOT approaches.

The VEC organization structure was established in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law on State Enterprises. It is divided into three levels. The first consists of the Management Board and the Internal Audit Unit. The second level consists of the General Director and four Deputy Directors, and the third level consists of five functional divisions and two Project Management Units, one for the North and one for the South.

Funding Options for Expressways and the Relation of Funding to VEC Optimal Structure: three options are identified: 100% government financing, local BOT and foreign BOT/PPP arrangements. Experience in a number of regional countries emphasizes strong government support and a mixture of financing options.

VEC Vision and Mission: our present understanding is that the government is not looking for dividends but rather expects that VEC will carry out the expressways projects efficiently and reinvests returns into new expressways.

[edit] Waterways

17,702 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 m draft

[edit] Pipelines

petroleum products 150 km

[edit] Ports and harbors

Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Gai, Qui Nhon, Nha Trang

[edit] Merchant marine

total: 133 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 616,115 GRT/941,611 DWT

ships by type: bulk 7, cargo 103, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 1, liquified gas 1, petroleum tanker 15, refrigerated cargo 4 (1999 est.)

[edit] Airports

Vietnam Airlines is the national carrier of Vietnam. The airline currently operates a modern fleet of Western-built aircraft, but suffered several fatal mishaps prior to phasing out its aging Russian-built fleet. The airline has experienced numerous hijackings, all but one of which occurred during Vietnam's civil war. The most recent occurred in 1992, and did not result in any injuries.

Pacific Airlines is the second largest airline of Vietnam. Based in Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), it is a regional airline with a few domestic and international routes.

[edit] Total

48 (1999 est.)

[edit] Airports - with paved runways

  • total: 36
  • over 3,047 m: 8
  • 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
  • 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 13
  • under 914 m: 7 (1994 est.)

[edit] Airports - with unpaved runways

  • total: 12
  • 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
  • 914 to 1,523 m: 5
  • under 914 m: 5 (1994 est.)

[edit] See also

This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../t/r/a/Transport_in_Vietnam_6664.html"
In other languages