Transient Recovery Voltage

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A transient recovery voltage (or TRV) for high-voltage circuit breakers is the voltage that appears across the terminals after current interruption. It is a critical parameter for fault interruption by a high-voltage circuit breaker, its characteristics (amplitude, rate of rise) can lead either to a successful current interruption or to a failure (called reignition or restrike).

The TRV is dependent on the characteristics of the system connected on both terminals of the circuit-breaker, and on the type of fault that this circuit breaker has to interrupt (single, double or three-phase faults, grounded or ungrounded fault ..).

Characteristics of the system include:

  • type of neutral (effectively grounded, ungrounded, solidly grounded ..)
  • type of load (capacitive, inductive, resistive)
  • type of connection: cable connected, line connected..

The most severe TRV is applied on the first pole of a circuit breaker that interrupts current (called the first-pole-to clear in a three-phase system). The parameters of TRVs are defined in international standards such as IEC and IEEE (or ANSI).

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