Talk:Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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[edit] Outside Opinion

I am a patient who has been receiving rTMS treatments for severe depression since 1998. It's been my salvation - the only treatment that has worked for me. If you have any questions from a patient's point of view, my email is joan.miller AT comcast.net.

[edit] Question

Does anyone know the resolution of this technique (i.e. how small an area of the brain may be targeted)? Eldereft 05:28, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

[edit] Re-edit Please!

The flow of the page is confusing and it is also accumulating too much references to single studies added by self-publicists (no names) which have not been replicated. ==

  • I plan to reorganise the page into a section on history, how it works (the actual process in the clinic), proposed theories, controversy, and references to similar techniques DontCallMeShirley 15:12, 11 January 2006 (EST)

[edit] Homemade Devices

A while back I stumbled into some sites about homemade TMS devices, I remeber they were basicly a wood rod with magnets on its tips and conected to some sort of bearings in the middle, most were hand cranked. But I seem to be unable to find the said sites, nor any other with instructions on this, does any one knows where I can find something in those lines? TiagoTiago 21:24, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Forget it. You are talking about a device costing 10s of thousands of dollars. The magnetic field strength needed to have any effect on the cortex requires 1000s of amps - not something involving 'a wood rod with magnets on its tips'. Sorry.
This is a sham, and would be something like going to a do-it-yourself ECT operator. Though it is more or less a noninvasive procedure, it is certianly not something people want to be fooling around with items "built" from componenents ordered from the Web or the back of a magazine. And as FDA approval becomes more and more imminent -- Neuronetics' TMS device may receive FDA approval by the end of October '06 -- and it becomes more of an acknowledged mode of treatment, regulations will come into place. --Markt3 05:41, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

[edit] Consumer availability

Are there any rTMS devices on the market for purchase by consumers? (if so, at what prices?) Anarchist42 23:28, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

No. TMS is a medical device and can only be used by a qualified physician.

  • This is flase. You do not need to be a physician to use a TMS device; they are allowed in research settings by trained users as well. Often you are required to have CPR certification as well, however. Semiconscious • talk 17:47, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
In other words it is not really available as a treatment for depression (a shame, it would be easier than pouring cold water into my ear). Anarchist42 19:41, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
  • Well, no quite true either. Using TMS to treat depression is valid in theory, and there is some good evidence supporting this, but it's still in the experimental phase right now. You could always volunteer for a research study at a local university or something if they're conducting anything. However expect to wait a while before you can go into any doctor's office and get TMS for depression. Semiconscious • talk 21:21, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
Actually there are a small but growing number of sites that offer TMS in a clinical outpatient settings. It is done as an off-label procedure, which means that insurance will not cover it, and it tends to be pricey (e.g. $250 - 350 per session for a two or three-week induction period. It it proves successful in a given patient, an ongoing maintenance regimen would be worked out (similarly to ECT), with patients receiving regular treatments on an indefinitely basis. Pricey, but cheaper than ECT, in that patient does not need to be admitted, no ansthesia is required, etc.--Markt3 05:36, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
I've read the studies, and it seem clear to me that TMS should indeed be a very effective (and non-pharmaceutical) treatment option. Since TMS puts no money into the coffers of pharmaceutical corporations, I doubt it will ever be approved. Anarchist42 21:39, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
  • It's not as simple as you may think. Just because it seems clear to you doesn't mean it is an approved treatment option. People still don't know what TMS does to the brain over prolonged usage. The neural effects are being researched right now. People also don't know what's going on in the brain to alleviate symptoms of depression. A lot of research is being done on this. Making the assumption that the pharmaceutical industry is somehow supressing the treatment is rather broad; there are a lot of people working on this field of research right now, and a lot of people stand to make money off of it. The FDA needs to be shown that it is more safe and effective over other treatments that carry less risk (i.e., seizure). Semiconscious • talk 21:57, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
I'd had enough experience with (sometimes bogus) "approved treatment options", as well as (sometimes effective) "non-approved treatment options" to be less interested in "official approval" than in actual efficacy. Anarchist42 22:52, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
I'm sorry to hear that. Unfortunately we as individuals can't judge efficacy right now. Semiconscious • talk 23:10, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
Perhaps many individuals can't, but I'm quite capable of understanding research studies and filtering out bias and statistical flaws - my experience with psychiatrists is that they tend not to be so capable. Anarchist42 23:59, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

There is a new product that is in for FDA appoval please see link. http://www.neuralieve.com/

[edit] Anonymous Comment

Since the TMS is essentialy inducing electrical signals in the brain through the use of powerful magnetic fields, could it theoretically restart the brain of a patient who has died and is now otherwise in good condition?

Like say a heart attack. Could they keep the patient on ice and a machine that keeps the blood flowing and oxygenated and then use TMS to restart the brain? - June 9th 2006

[edit] transcranial direct current stimulation

New Scientist Article

[edit] TMS as an interrogation/control

enhancing geek brains is one thing, directly controlling human value judgements to gain a military/police advantage is quite another: Scientific American article on the first success in magnetic mind control

[edit] Massimini reference

I removed this at the end of TMS in Research section (add back if you can add the suitable connection to TMS):

Massimini et al. (Science, 2005)(Massimini M, Ferrarelli F, Huber R, Esser SK, Singh H, Tononi G. Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep. Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2228-32.) used EEG to show that during sleep, brain areas do not pass signals to other brain areas as effectively as during wakefulness.

[edit] References from Brain-computer interface page

I had archieved the references below from the Brain-computer interface page as they were off topic. Reviewing them now, they mostly seem to relate to magnetic stimluation of the brain and are published in scholarly journals so I'm posting them here in case they help. Cheers--Saganaki- 03:08, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

  • Arber, S.L., J.C. Lin, Microwave Effects on Helix Asperse Neurons, Fourth Ann. Mtg. Bioelectromagnetics Soc., Los Angeles, CA, June 1982.
  • Arber, S.L. and J.C. Lin, Role of External Calcium in Microwave-Induced Snail Neuron Response, Fifth Ann. Scientific Session Bioelectromagnetic Soc., Boulder, CO, June 1983.
  • Caldwell, L.R., J.C. Lin and A.W. Guy, Behavioral Changes of Rats Exposed to Microwave Radiation, IEEE S-MTT International Symp., Atlanta, GA, June 1974.
  • Dalecki,D., Child, S.Z., Raemanand, C.H. and Carlstensen, E.: Tactile perception of ultrasound, Journal of acoustical society of America, pp3165-3170,1995.
  • J.Edrich and T.Zhang: Ultrasonically Focused Neuromagnetic Stimulation, Proceeding of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, v15. pt3, pp.1253-1254,1993.
  • Fetz E.E., Baker M.A. (1973) Operantly conditioned patterns on precentral unit activity and correlated responses in adjacent cells and contralateral muscles. J Neurophysiol. Mar;36(2):179-204.
  • Gavrilov, L.R., Tsirulnikov, E.M., and Davies, I.：Application of Focused Ultrasound for The Stimulation of Neural Structures, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology,Vol.22,No2, pp.179-192,1996
  • Ginsburg, K., J.C. Lin and W.D. O'Neill, Microwave Effects on Spiking Statistics of Single Neurons, BEMS Ninth Annual Meeting Program, Portland, Oregon, June 1987.
  • Ginsberg, K.S., J.C. Lin, S. Murphy, and M.F. Lin, Microwave Effect On Input Resistance And Action Potential Firing Of Snail Neurons, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 39, pp. 1011-1021, 1992.
  • Guy, A.W. and J.C. Lin and F.A. Harris, The Effect of Microwave Radiation on Evoked Tactile and Auditory CNS Responses in Cats, International Microwave Symp., Ottawa, Canada, May 1972.
  • Guy, A.W., E.M. Taylor, B. Ashleman and J.C. Lin, Microwave Interaction with the Auditory Systems of Humans and Cats, IEEE G-MTT Int. Microwave Symp., Univ. of Colo., Boulder, CO, June 1973.
  • Guy, A.W., C.K. Chou, J.C. Lin and D. Christensen, Microwave Induced Acoustic Effects in Mammalian Auditory Systems and Physical Materials, N.Y. Acad. Sci. Conf. Biol. Effects of Nonionizing Radiation, New York, Feb. 1974.
  • Lin, J.C. and J. Salinger, Microwave Measurement of Respiration, IEEE S-MTT International Microwave Symp., Palo Alto, CA, May 1975.
  • Lin, J.C. and C.K. Lam, A Theoretical Study of Microwave Generated Auditory Phenomena in Mammalian Cranial Structures, USNC/URSI - Biological Effects Series, Boulder, CO, Oct. 1975.
  • Lin, J.C., Predicted Frequency and Threshold of Microwave-Induced Auditory Sensation, USNC/URSI - Biological Effects Series, Amherst, MA, Oct. 1976.
  • Lin, J.C., E. Dawe and J. Majcherek, A Noninvasive Microwave Apnea Detector, San Diego Biomedical Symp., San Diego, CA, Feb 1977.
  • Lin, J.C., R.J. Meltzer and F.K. Redding, Microwave Evoked Potentials in Cats, San Diego Biomedical Symposium, San Diego, CA, Feb. 1978.
  • Lin, J.C., R.J. Meltzer and F.K. Redding, Characteristics of Microwave Auditory Effects: Theory and Experiments, URSI Open Symp. on Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Waves, Helsinki, Finland, August 1978.
  • Lin, J.C., S.L. Arber, Response of Snail Nerve Cells to Noise Modulated Microwave Field, Fourth Ann. Mtg. Bioelectromagnetic Soc., Los Angeles, CA, 1982.
  • Lin, J.C. and Charles C. Thomas, Microwave Auditory Effects And Applications, Publisher, Springfield, IL 1978, 221 pp.
  • Lin, J.C., Electromagnetic Interaction with Nervous System Structure and Function, IEEE Engg. in Biology Conf., Chicago, IL, September 1985.
  • Lin, J.C., J.L. Su and Y. Wang, Measurement of Microwave-Induced Thermoelastic Pressure Wave Propagation in Cat Brains, Ann. Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetic Society, Madison, WI June 1986.
  • Lin, J.C. W.D. O'Neill, A. Field and K. Ginsburg, Pulsed High Power Microwave Effects on Spontaneous Firing Activities of Snail Neurons, BEMS Ninth Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon, June 1987.
  • Ma, Y.C., J.C. Lin, W.D. O'Neill and S. Arber, Real Time Processing of Neuronal Response to Microwave, IEEE Engg. Medicine Biol. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, September 1984.
  • R.T.Mihran, F.S.Barnes, H.Wachtel: Temporally-Specific Modification of Myelinated Axon Excitability in vitro Following A Single Ultrasound Pulse, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, Vol.16, No.3, pp.297-309, 1990
  • Nefcy, P.M. and J.C. Lin, A Model for Auditory Evoked Potentials, Annual Conf. on Engg. in Medicine and Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, Oct. 1978.
  • Neilly, J.P., V. Kriho, S.L. Arber and J.C. Lin, Ultrastructural Studies of Microwave Irradiated Snail Nerve Cells, Fifth Ann. Scientific Session Bioelectromagnetics Soc., Boulder, CO, June 1983.
  • Popovic, M.A., K.H. Chan and J.C. Lin, Microprocessor Based Non-Contact Heart Rate/Respiration Monitor, IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Conf., Los Angeles, CA, September 1984.
  • Taylor, E.M., A.W. Guy, B. Ashleman and J.C. Lin, Microwave Effects on Central Nervous System Attributed to Thermal Factors, IEEE G-MTT Int. Microwave Symp., Univ. of Colo., Boulder, CO, June 1973.
  • Wu, C.L. and J.C. Lin, Interaction of Modulated Electromagnetic Fields with Nervous Structures, USNC/URSI - Biological Effects Series, Boulder, CO, Oct. 1975.
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