Trần Dynasty

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The Trần Dynasty (陳朝 Trần Triều; or vernacularly "Nhà Trần", meaning "the Trần Family") was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Đại Việt) from 1225 to 1400. They are credited with 3 victories over Mongol invasions, most notably a decisive battle at the Bạch Đằng River.

The dynasty began in 1225 when king Thái Tông ascended to the throne after overthrowing the Lý Dynasty. The dynasty ruled for a total of 175 years, ending in 1400 when king Thiếu Đế, then 5 years old, was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his maternal grandfather Hồ Quý Ly.


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Contents

[edit] History

The person who actually founded the Trần Dynasty was Trần Thủ Độ. When the Lý Dynasty was in a period of decline, much of the power fell into the hands of Trần Thủ Độ. After he forced Lý Chiêu Hoàng (then 7 years old) to abdicate the throne for her husband Trần Cảnh (then 8), the Trần Dynasty officially began. In their 175-year reign, the Trần rulers three times successfully led the Vietnamese people in their resistance against the invading Mongol forces of the Yuan Dynasty: in 1258, 1285, and 1288. However, in their later years (from Emperor Dụ Tông on), the dynasty declined due to many reasons, foremost among them was the weakness and corruption of the civil service system. Finally, in 1400, Hồ Quý Ly usurped the throne, ending the Trầns' 175-year rule.

It was also under the Trần Dynasty that Vietnam started the southward expansion (Nam Tien) and a series of wars with its southern neighbor, Champa. The Đại Việt kingdom eventually emerged not only as winner in this series of wars but also prevented eastward expansion of the Indian-Thai influence.

[edit] Period of decline & rise of Hồ Quý Ly

[edit] Trần rulers

Temple name (Miếu Hiệu) Era name (Niên Hiệu) Name Birth - Death Reign Posthumous name (Thụy Hiệu) Royal tomb
太宗
Thái Tông
建中
Kiến Trung
(1226-1232)
天應政平
Thiên Ứng Chính Bình
(1232-1251)
元豐
Nguyên Phong
(1251-1258)
陳煚
Trần Cảnh
1218-1277 1226-1258 統天御極隆功茂德顯和佑順神文聖武元孝皇帝
Thống thiên ngự cực long công mậu đức hiển hòa hựu thuận thần văn thánh vũ nguyên hiếu hoàng đế
昭陵
Chiêu Lăng
聖宗
Thánh Tông
紹隆
Thiệu Long
(1258-1272)
寶符
Bảo Phù
(1273-1278)
陳晃
Trần Hoảng
1240-1291 1258-1278 玄功盛德仁明文武宣孝皇帝
Huyền công thịnh đức nhân minh văn vũ tuyên hiếu hoàng đế
裕陵
Dụ Lăng
仁宗
Nhân Tông
紹寶
Thiệu Bảo
(1278-1285)
重興
Trùng Hưng
(1285-1293)
陳昑
Trần Khâm
1258-1308 1278-1293 法天崇道應世化民隆慈顯惠聖文神武元明睿孝皇帝
Pháp Thiên Sùng Đạo Ứng Thế Hoa Dân Long Từ Hiển Huệ Thánh Văn Thần Vũ Nguyên Minh Duệ Hiếu Hoàng đế
德陵
Đức Lăng
英宗
Anh Tông
興隆
Hưng Long
陳烇
Trần Thuyên
1276-1320 1293-1314 顯文睿武欽明仁孝皇帝
Hiển Văn Duệ Vũ Khâm Minh Nhân Hiếu Hoàng đế
泰陵
Thái Lăng
明宗
Minh Tông
大慶
Đại Khánh
(1314-1323)
開泰
Khai Thái
(1324-1329)
陳奣
Trần Mạnh
1300-1357 1314-1329 章堯文哲皇帝
Chương Nghêu Văn Triết hoàng đế
穆陵
Mục Lăng
憲宗
Hiến Tông
開佑
Khai Hựu
陳旺
Trần Vượng
1319-1341 1329-1341  ? 昌安陵
Xương An Lăng
裕宗
Dụ Tông
紹豐
Thiệu Phong
(1341-1357)
大治
Đại Trị
(1358-1369)
陳暭
Trần Hạo
1336-1369 1341-1369  ? 阜陵
Phụ Lăng
- 大定
Đại Định
楊日禮
Dương Nhật Lễ
 ?-1370 1369-1370 dethroned
昏德公
Hôn Đức Công
killed
藝宗
Nghệ Tông
紹慶
Thiệu Khánh
陳暊
Trần Phủ
1321-1394 1370-1372 光堯英哲皇帝
Quang Nghiêu Anh Triết Hoàng Đế
原陵
Nguyên Lăng
睿宗
Duệ Tông
隆慶
Long Khánh
陳曔
Trần Kính
 ?-1377 1373-1377  ? 熙陵
Hy Lăng
- 昌符
Xương Phù
陳晛
Trần Hiện
1361-1388 1377-1388 廢帝
Phế Đế(dethroned), relegated to Linh Đức Vương
An Bài Mountain
順宗
Thuận Tông
光泰
Quang Thái
陳顒
Trần Ngung
1378-1399 1388-1398 forced to abdicate and commit suicide Yên Sinh tomb
- 建新
Kiến Tân
Trần An 1396-? 1398-1400 少帝
Thiếu Đế
overthrown by Hồ Quý Lý
relegated to Bảo Ninh Đại Vương
 ?

[edit] Lineage

1
Trần Thái Tông
1226 - 1258
 
 
2
Trần Thánh Tông
1258 - 1278
 
 
3
Trần Nhân Tông
1278 - 1293
 
 
4
Trần Anh Tông
1293 - 1314
 
 
5
Trần Minh Tông
1314 - 1329
 
 
 
8
Trần Nghệ Tông
1370 - 1372
  6
Trần Hiến Tông
1329 - 1341
  7
Trần Dụ Tông
1341 - 1369
  9
Trần Duệ Tông
1373 - 1377
 
   
11
Trần Thuận Tông
1388 - 1398
  10
Trần Phế Đế
1377 - 1388
 
 
12
Trần Thiếu Đế
1398 - 1400
 
Preceded by
Lý Dynasty
Ruler of Vietnam
1225-1400
Succeeded by
Hồ Dynasty