Torre Astura

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Torre Astura, formerly an island called by the ancients merely Astura (Greek: Ἄστυρα), is now a peninsula, on the coast of Latium, Italy, 11 km southeast of Antium, at the southeast extremity of the Bay of Antium, on the road to Circeii. The name also belongs to the river, which rises at the southern foot of the Alban hills, and has a course of about 33 km before flowing into the sea immediately to the southeast.

It is called Storas (Στόρας) by Strabo^[1], who tells us that it had a place of anchorage at its mouth (v. p. 232). It was on the banks of this obscure stream that was fought, in 338 BCE, the last great battle between the Romans and the Latins, in which the consul C. Maenius totally defeated the combined forces of Antium, Lanuvium, Aricia and Velitrae. (Livy viii. 13.) At a much later period the little island at its mouth, and the whole adjacent coast, became occupied with Roman villas; among which the most celebrated is that of Cicero, to which he repeatedly alludes in his letters, and which he describes as locus amoenus et in maria ipso, commanding a view both of Antium and Circeii (ad Att. xii. 19, 40, ad Farm. vi. 19), and to which he retired on the death of his daughter Tullia in 45 BCE It was from thence that, on learning his proscription by the triumvirs, he embarked, with the intention of escaping to join Brutus in Macedonia; a resolution which he afterwards abandoned. (Plut. Cic. 47.) We learn from Suetonius also that Astura was the occasional resort both of Augustus and Tiberius (Suet. Aug. 97, Tib. 72), but due to its unhealthy climate, both Augustus and Tiberius contracted here the illnesses which proved fatal to them. Existing remains prove that many of the Roman nobility must have had villas there. (See Nibby, Dintorni di Roma, vol. i. pp. 267-277.) There is scholarly conflict as to whether there was a town of the name, as asserted by Servius (ad Aen. vii. 801). Up to 1911, the remains of only one villa had been found on the island itself, but along the coast a mile to the north-west a line of villas begins, which continues as far as Antium. To the south-east, on the other hand, remains are almost entirely absent, and this portion of the coast seems to have been sparsely populated in Roman times.

The island was at some time or other joined to the mainland by a bridge or causeway, and it thus became, as it now remains, a peninsula projecting into the sea. It is surmounted by a fortified tower, called the Torre di Astura, a picturesque object, conspicuous both from Antium and the Circeian headland, and the only one which breaks the monotony of the low and sandy coast between them. The medieval castle of the Frangipani, in which Conradin of Swabia vainly sought refuge after the battle of Tagliacozza in 1268, is built upon the foundations of a very large villa, of opus reticulatum with later additions in brickwork, and with a small harbour attached to it on the south-east. Remains of buildings also exist behind the sand dunes, which possibly mark the line of the channel which separated the island from the mainland, and these may have belonged to the post-station on the Via Severiana.

The Tabula Peutingeriana reckons Astura 7 miles from Antium, which is rather less than the true distance. The island seems to have existed as such in the time of Pope Honorius III.

[edit] References

1. ^ There is no doubt that the Storas of Strabo is the same with the Astura, which Festus also tells us was often called Stura (p. 317, ed. Mill.); but there is no ground for supposing the Saturae palus of Virgil (Aen. vii. 801) to refer to the same locality.

• T. Ashby, in Melanges de l'Acole Frangaise de Rome (rgog), p. 207
• This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1857).
• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.