Topspin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- For video game, see Top Spin Tennis.
- For the amusement park ride developed by HUSS Maschinenfabrik, see Top Spin (ride).
In sports, in particular racquet sports, topspin is a property of a shot where the ball rotates as if rolling in the same direction as it is moving. Topspin on a shot imparts a downward force that causes the ball to drop, due to its interaction with the air (see Magnus effect). It can be generated by hitting the ball with an up-and-forward swing, with the racquet facing below the direction it is moving. A topspin shot is the opposite of the slice; topspin itself is the opposite of backspin.
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[edit] Physical explanation
Bernoulli's principle helps to explain the way that the ball ascends towards the ground. The top of the ball moves forwards against the flow of air, which consequently slows down the flow of air on the top surface. The bottom surface does the complete opposite of this. It moves in the same direction as the airflow, thus accelerating the airflow on the bottom. This causes the air pressure above the ball to be higher than the air pressure below the ball. The pressure differences impart a downward force on the ball.
[edit] Competitive utility
The topspin shot is very effective on hard surfaces. The ball spins forward and ascends towards the ground quicker, so it can be hit with more force compared to another type of shot.
On most court surfaces, topspin also makes the ball bounce higher. As a result, it is often used on clay or "soft" court surfaces which have a naturally higher bounce, in order to make the ball harder for the opponent to hit.
The topspin shot is primarily used by tennis players as either a "safe shot" or rally ball, or it can also be used to construct a point. For example, a player may hit three topspin shots crosscourt, and then on the fourth shot hit a flat ball or a slice down the line to set him/herself up to win the point.
[edit] Other sports
In billiards, players use topspin to keep the cue ball moving, including after it hits other balls. They get top spin by hitting the top of the ball.
Golf shots may also have topspin, although this is nearly always the undesirable consequence of a topped shot.
