Tokiwa-so
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Tokiwa-so (トキワ荘 Tokiwa-sō) was an apartment where Osamu Tezuka and many of the yet-to-flourish young manga artists once lived in. Tokiwa-so was a small, inexpensive apartment. The residents included Shotaro Ishinomori, Fujio Akatsuka, and Fujiko Fujio (both of the duo). It existed in Toshima-ku, Tokyo from 1952 to 1982.
Tokiwa-so is an important place for manga business model of today. The style of manga production today in Japan has a prototype in collaborative activities in Tokiwa-so. According to Fujiko F. Fujio (one of the duo) who was an assistant of Osamu Tezuka in earliest days, Osamu Tezuka first introduced production system with employing many assistants to make manga and the style made possible to publish weekly manga magazine. At the same time for the yet-to-flourish young manga artists, to be an assistant is a gateway to success or training for professional manga artist.
Until today the style is repeated again and again from major magazines to Dōjinshi.