Tip speed ratio

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The tip speed ratio λ (lambda) or TSR for wind turbines is the difference between the rotational speed of the tip of a blade and the actual velocity of the wind. If the velocity of the tip is exactly the same as the wind speed the tip speed ratio is 1. A tip speed ratio above 1. means some amount of lift, below 1. usually indicates drag. A high tip speed ratio indicates mostly a better efficiency but is usually also related to a higher noise level and a more heavy design.


\mbox{Tip speed ratio} = \frac{\mbox{Tip speed of blade}}{\mbox{Wind speed}}
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