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His Excellency Timothy Michael Healy, KC
1st Governor-General of the Irish Free State
In office 1922 – 1927
Preceded by	none
Succeeded by	James McNeill
Born	17 May 1855 Bantry, County Cork
Died	26 March 1931
Profession	Politician
Religion	Roman Catholic

Timothy Michael Healy, KC (17 May 1855 – 26 March 1931) was one of the most controversial of Irish politicians, with a career that spanned the period from Charles Stewart Parnell's leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party in the 1880s until the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922. He served as first Governor-General of the Irish Free State.

Born in Bantry, County Cork, Healy worked as a parliamentary correspondent for The Nation newspaper before becoming Member of Parliament for Wexford in 1880.

[edit] Nationalist Split

All-for-Ireland League group portrait of five of its Independent Members of Parliament, 1910.
These are: Patrick Guiney (North Cork), James Gilhooly (West Cork), Maurice Healy (North-east Cork), D. D. Sheehan (Mid Cork), and Eugene Crean (South-east Cork).
The other MPs elected in January 1910 were: William O'Brien (Cork city), John O'Donnell (South Mayo) and Timothy Michael Healy (North Louth).
Maurice and Timothy Healy were brothers.

Initially a passionate supporter of Parnell, he became disenchanted with his leader. During the O'Shea divorce controversy, when it was revealed that the party leader had been having a lengthy relationship with the wife of a fellow MP, whom he later married, and was the father of three of her children, Healy became his sternest and most sharp-spoken critic. When Parnell asked his colleagues at one party meeting "Who is the master of the party?", Healy famously retorted with another question "Aye, but who is the mistress of the party?" - a comment which almost led him to come to blows with Parnell. The rift prompted a nine-year old Dublin schoolboy, James Joyce, to pen a poem called Et Tu, Healy?.

Plaque on Bantry's Wolfe Tone Square commemorating Tim Healy's birth.

Healy became an outspoken member of the anti-Parnell majority in the party. In following decades, he became estranged from the movement, setting up his own personal organisation as MP for North Louth since 1892. By the 1910s, it looked as though Healy was a maverick on the fringes of Irish nationalism. However he came into notoriety again when returned in the January 1910 general election in alliance with William O'Brien's All-for-Ireland League; the alliance was based largely on their common opposition to the Irish party. He lost his seat in the following December 1910 election, but soon afterwards he rejoined the O'Brienites, taking the 1911 North-East Cork by-election. His reputation was not enhanced by his representing of William Martin Murphy, a Roman Catholic industrialist who sparked the 1913 Dublin Lockout.

[edit] Governor-General

Styles of Timothy Healy, Governor-General of the Irish Free State
Reference style	His Excellency
spoken style	Your Excellency
Alternative style	none

However he came back to prominence when, on the urging of the Provisional Government of W.T. Cosgrave, the British government recommended to King George V that Healy be appointed the first 'Governor-General of the Irish Free State', a new office of representative of the Crown created in the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) and introduced by a combination of the Irish Free State Constitution and Letters Patent from the King.

Initially the Irish government under W. T. Cosgrave wished for Healy to reside in a new small residence, but when facing death threats from the IRA, he was moved as a temporary measure into the Viceregal Lodge, the former 'out of season' residence of the Lord Lieutenant, the former representative of the Crown before 1922.

Healy proved an able Governor-General, possessing a degree of political skill and contacts in Britain that the new Irish government initially lacked. He joked once that the government didn't advise him, he advised the government: a comment at a dinner for the Duke of York, Prince Albert (the future King George VI) that led to public criticism. However the waspish Healy still could not help courting further controversy, most notably in a public attack on the new Fianna Fáil and its leader, Eamon de Valera, which led to calls for his resignation.

Unlike his successors, Healy possessed a three-fold role as Governor-General. He was simultaneously

• representative of the King;
• representative of the British Government;
• native head of the Irish executive.

As a result, much of the contact between His Majesty's governments in London and Dublin went through him. He had access to all sensitive state papers, and received instructions from the British Government on the use of his powers to grant, withhold or refuse the Royal Assent to legislation enacted by the Oireachtas. However no Bills that he would have been required by these secret instructions to block, were introduced during his time as governor-general. That role of being the United Kingdom government's representative, and acting on its advice, was abandoned throughout the Commonwealth in the mid 1920s as a result of a Commonwealth Conference decision, leaving him and his successors exclusively as the King's representative and nominal head of the Irish executive.

Though Healy seemed to believe that he had been awarded the governor-generalship for life, the Executive Council of the Irish Free State decided in 1927 that the term of office of governors-general would be five years. As a result he retired from the office and public life in December 1927. He died in March, 1931, aged 75. He is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery.

[edit] Additional Reading

Frank Callanan, T. M Healy (Cork University Press, 1996) (ISBN 1-85918-172-4)

[edit] External links

• Governor-General Tim Healy's first Speech to the Dáil (12th December 1922)
• Governor-General Tim Healy's second Speech to the Dáil (3rd October 1923)
• Letters and Leaders of my Day by T. M. Healy, KC