Timeline of first orbital launches by nationality
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a timeline of first orbital launches by nationality. While a number of countries have built satellites, only eight nations and the multi-national European Space Agency have sent objects into orbit using their own launch systems. In all cases, unmanned satellites have preceded manned launches.
The race to launch the first satellite was closely contested by the Soviet Union and the United States and was the beginning of the Space Race. Satellite launching, while still adding to national prestige, has become a significant economic activity with public and private rocket systems competing for launches using cost and reliability as selling points.
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[edit] List of first orbital launches by country
[edit] Not included
- Australia launched its first satellite on November 29, 1967; however, they used a donated American Redstone rocket, not their own launcher.
- Brazil's space programme suffered three satellite launch failures, with a last attempt in 2003.
- Iraq is sometimes credited with a satellite launch in 1989, but its Tamouz rocket flight does not appear to have had a satellite or to have been an orbital launch.
- North Korea claimed to have launched the Kwangmyŏngsŏng satellite in 1998, but this was never confirmed, and widely believed to be a cover for the test launch of the Taepodong-1 missile.
[edit] Notes
- 1 The multi-national European Space Agency is counted as a single entity.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- First Satellites Launched By Spacefaring Nations, Anthony R. Curtis, Ph.D., Space Today Online, accessed February 17, 2006.
- National Briefings: Iraq, Ranger Associates, accessed February 17, 2006.
- The 31 August 1998 North Korean Satellite Launch: Factsheet, Kevin Orfall and Gaurav Kampani, with Michael Dutra, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, accessed February 17, 2006.
- News Release 25-98, United States Space Command, September 8, 1998, accessed February 17, 2006.
- Daily Press Briefing, James P. Rubin, United States Department of State, September 14, 1998, accessed February 17, 2006.