Throw (grappling)

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Sacrifice throws are sometimes considered risky since they put the thrower in a potentially disadvantagous position.

A throw (in Japanese martial arts referred to as nage-waza, 投げ技, "throwing technique") is a martial arts term for a grappling technique that involves off-balancing or lifting an opponent, and tossing them to the ground. It usually involves a rotating motion as opposed to a takedown). Typically the combatant performing the throw disconnects with the opponent, and ends balanced and on the feet. Throws can however also be followed into a top position, in which case the person executing the throw does not disconnect with the opponent. Certain throwing techniques called sacrifice throws (sutemi-waza, 捨身技, "sacrifice technique") involve putting oneself in a potentially disadvantagous position, such as on the ground, to execute a throw.

[edit] Types of throws

There are various kinds of throw. Some of the more common throwing techniques are listed below. This is not an exhaustive list and the techniques may be referred to by other names in different styles. An English tranlation and a common Japanese equivalent are given.

• Hip throw (O Goshi)
• Hip drop
• Floating hip (Uki Goshi)
• Rear hip thow
• Stamp throw
• Loin and hip wheel
• Transitional hip throw
• Hip wheel (Koshi Guruma)
• Sweeping hip throw (Harai Goshi)
• Inner Thigh throw (Uchi Mata)
• Sweeping knee throw
• Sweeping ankle throw
• Leg wheel (Ashi Guruma)
• Outer wheel (Osoto Guruma)
• Inside hock throw
• Outer hook throw
• Cross hock
• Knee wheels (Hiza Guruma)
• Drawing ankle throw
• Half shoulder throw
• Full shoulder throw
• Reverse full shoulder throw
• Dropping version of a half shoulder throw
• Lapel shoulder throw (Eri Seoinage)
• One-arm shoulder throw (Ippon Seoinage)
• Two-arm shoulder throw (Morote Seoinage)
• Major inner reaping, inside trip (Ouchi Gari)
• Minor inner reaping (Kouchi Gari)
• Major outer reaping, outside trip (Osoto Gari)
• Propping ankle throw (Sasae Tsurikomi Ashi)
• Half-hip throw (Uki Goshi)
• Body drop (Tai Otoshi)
• Dropping version of a body drop
• Reverse body drop
• Dropping version of a reverse body drop
• Belt hip throw (Tsuri Goshi)
• Sleeve-lift hip throw (Sode Tsurikomi Goshi)
• Floating drop (Uki Otoshi)
• Outer winding sacrifice (Soto Makikomi)
• Inside wind
• Spring hip throw (Hane Goshi)
• Double spring hip throw.
• Shoulder wheel, fireman's carry (Kata Guruma)
• Valley drop (Tani Otoshi)
• Reverse Valley drop
• Heaven and earth throw (Tenchi Nage)
• Leg throw
• Recombant ankle throw
• Reclining leg throw
• Stomach throw (Tomoe Nage)
• Side circle
• Monkey climb
• Corner throw
• Head hip and knee throw
• Reverse head hip and knee throw
• Rear head hip and knee throw
• Shoulder crash
• Front scoop throw
• Rear scoop throw
• Wrist type throws

There are several major types of throw. These range from leg reaps and trips to hip throws and some are listed below (this section requires considerable expansion and clean-up):

[edit] Shoulder throws

A shoulder throw involves throwing an opponent over the shoulder. A shoulder throw which lifts the opponent from the ground is in Japanese referred to as seoi-nage (背負投, "shoulder throw"), while a throw which involves dropping to the ground and pulling the opponent over the shoulder is referred to as seoi-otoshi (背負落, "shoulder drop").^[1] Seoi-nage is one of the most used throws in elite Judo competition; one study indicated that approximately 56% of judokas implemented the technique.^[2]

A common shoulder throw is judo's Ippon Seoinage (literally, one armed shoulder carry but commonly referred to as shoulder throw) or the similar flying mare in wrestling.^[3]

It should be noted that most throws are named by describing the circumvention point of the throw (eg hip throw, shoulder throw, wrist throw etc), or the nature of effect of the throw on the opponent (eg heaven and earth throw, valley drop, body drop). Variations are given descriptive names. The names mentioned and attributed to Jujutsu throws (and hence Judo/aikido throws) are descriptions in Japanese. It is conventional for the Japanese to name their throws in this manner, and many English/American martial art dojo's have given English names to the throws. It is easier for English speaking students to remember the names of throws if they can associate the throws by the descriptive nature of the throw name.

[edit] Leg reaps and trips

In a leg reap, the attacker uses on of his legs to reap one or both of his opponent's legs off the ground. Generally the opponent's weight is placed on the leg that is reapt away. This coupled with the attacker controlling the opponent's body with his hands causes the opponent to fall over. Common leg reaps are judo's Ouchi Gari, Kouchi Gari, Osoto Gari and Kosoto Gari. Similar techniques in wrestling include the inside and outside trips.

Somewhat similar to leg reaps, leg trips involve a hooking or lifting action with the attacking leg instead of a reaping action. The border between the two types of throw can be unclear, and many throws will exhibit characteristics of both reaps and trips. Common leg trips are hooking variations of Ouchi Gari and Osoto Gari along with Kosoto Gake, referred to as inside and outside trips in Western wrestling.

[edit] Hip throws

A hip throw involves using your hip as a pivot point to throw your opponent to the floor. By getting your hip in a lower position than your opponent's center of gravity you can easily throw them. There are several types of hip throws such as O Goshi, this throw is often taught first to novices as it is relatively easy to learn. A hip throw in Aikido or Sumo is called a koshinage.

[edit] Pick-ups

Pickups involve lifting the opponent off the ground and then bringing him down again. Common pick-ups are lifting variations of the double leg takedown, judo's Te Guruma and the suplex, which is elaborated below.

[edit] Suplex

Main article: Suplex

A wrestling throw in which the attacker lifts his opponents body vertically and throws the opponent over his own center of gravity while executing a back fall (usually accompanied by a back arch). Variations of the suplex are common in most forms of wrestling, and sometimes used in Mixed Martial Arts competition; in Judo the ura-nage throw is a version of the suplex.

[edit] References

1. ^ The Kodokan Judo Institute. Seoi-Otoshi (hand technique). www.kodokan.org. URL last accessed February 11, 2006.
2. ^ Weers, George. Skill Range of the Elite Judo Competitor. judoinfo.com. URL last accessed February 11, 2006.
3. ^ LoveToKnow 1911 Online Encyclopedia. Wrestling. www.1911encyclopedia.org. URL last accessed on April 21, 2006

[edit] See also

• Judo technique - Includes a list of all the throws in Judo
• Takedown
• Grappling

[edit] Sources