Thrombotic microangiopathies

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Thrombotic microangiopathies are a category of pathologies that result in thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles. This process leads to thrombocytopenia and a variety of other symptoms such as: anemia, purpura, renal failure (some), schistocytes (fragmented blood cells severed by fibrin products) and ischemic injury to cells.

Bacterial toxins are the primary cause of one category of thrombotic microangiopathy known as HUS or hemolytic uremic syndrome. The other major category is TTP or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura caused by autoimmune or hereditary dysfunctions that activate the coagulation cascade or the complement system.