Thomas Whythorne

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Thomas Whythorne (1528 - 1595) was an English composer who wrote what some consider to be the earliest surviving autobiography in English.

Born in Somerset (Whythorne was a Somerset spelling of the surname "Whitehorn") to a wealthy family, Whythorne attended Magdalen College School, Oxford. He did not inherit enough to live a life of leisure however and so found employment as a music tutor for the Duchess of Northumberland and members of the gentry.

Chaffing against his treatment by some employers as a mere servant (who he considered below him due to his background and education), Whythorne searched for a patron to allow him to concentrate on composing. He found one in John Dudley, Earl of Warwick but Dudley's execution in 1553 led Whythorne to depart England, possibly in great haste, for Europe.

Whythorne traveled widely throughout Europe and spent six months in Italy, learning its language and music. Whythorne returned to England in 1555, impressed by the continental respect for music and musicians that was absent in England. He later railed against the "blockheads and dolts" of England who failed to appreciate music.

Upon his return to England Whythorne taught music in Cambridge and London, where he survived a Bubonic plague outbreak in 1563 that killed members of his household. In 1571, he was appointed master of music at the Chapel of Archbishop Parker and published seventy-six Songes for Three, Fower, and Five voyces, the only English secular music known to have been published between 1530 and 1588. He also wrote a book of his travels in Italy, no copy of which survives.

Around 1576 Whythorne collected his songs and poetry and linked them with autobiographical passages about his life and the situations which had led him to write each of the songs. The resulting book, entitled booke of songs and sonetts with longe discourses sett with them, is said to be earliest surviving English autobiography and one of the songs included, Buy New Broom, is considered the earliest written example of music for voice with instrumental accompaniment.

In addition to its musical importance, Whythorne's autobiography reveals much about sixteenth century social customs and habits. On widows, for example, Whythorne writes "He that wooeth a widow must not carry quick eels in his codpiece" and "He who weddeth a widow who hath two children, he shall be cumbered with three thieves."

Whythorne died in 1595 and remained unknown until 1925 when the composer Peter Warlock published a study entitled Thomas Whythorne, An Unknown Elizabethan Composer. A manuscript of Whythorne's autobiography was rediscovered in 1955 and now resides in the Bodleian Library, while The Autobiography of Thomas Whythorne was published twice by Oxford University Press, first in 1961 in the author's phonetic spelling and then in modern spelling in 1962.

[edit] References

• Barlow, J. (2005) The Enraged Musician: Hogarth's Musical Imagery, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, Aldershot, UK. ISBN 1-84014-615-X.
• Chaney, E. (1998) The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations Since the Renaissance, Frank Cass Publishers, London. ISBN 0-7146-4577-X.
• Fenton, J. (2006) "Matters of Love", The Guardian, 29 April 2006. [1]. Accessed 30 April 2006.
• Whent, C. "Thomas Whythorne" Here on a Sunday Morning. [2]. Accessed 12 July 2006.