Theodore Hamberg

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Theodore Hamberg
Missionary to China (Image from Svenskt Biografiskt Handlexikon 1906)
Born	March 25, 1819 Stockholm, Sweden
Died	May 13, 1854 Hong Kong, China

Theodore Hamberg (Chinese: 韓山文), was a Swedish missionary and author active in China. Hamberg was the son of a sea captain and worked as a businessman, after graduating from school. In 1844, he left his trade to join the Basel Mission.

In 1846, Hamberg was sent to China, where he arrived on March 19 the following year and started to work in the Guangdong mission, where he worked to convert members from the Hakka community. He also worked out a draft of the first description of the Hakka dialect, which provided the foundation to D. MacIver's Hakka dictionary. Hamberg initially worked under the influential German missionary Karl Gützlaff, but Hamberg gradually grew skeptical of Gützlaff's strategy of mass conversions; instead he advocated a more cautious approach, which in due course would bring him into conflict with Gützlaff and with the Basel Mission. After the death of Gützlaff, Hamberg was vindicated and he continued to work under the Basel Mission.

In 1852, Hamberg met Hong Xiuquan's cousin Hong Ren'gan, who had been separated from the rebellion and fled to Hong Kong. Hong Ren'gan also provided Hamberg with important information on the Taiping rebellion, which formed the basis of a book Hamberg later published on the rebellion. The book was the first extensive account on the Taiping rebellion in a Western language and remains an important source on the early life of Hong Xiuquan.

Hamberg died in Hongkong in 1854. He is the younger brother of the chemist Nils Peter Hamberg.

[edit] Works

Report regarding the Chinese Union at Hongkong. Hongkong: Printed at the Hongkong Register Office, 1851.
The visions of Hung-Siu-tshuen, and origin of the Kwang-si insurrection. Hongkong: The China mail office, 1854.

[edit] References

Hannich, Gustav. Treue bis ans Ende. Erlebnisse des schwedischen Missionars Theodor Hamberg in China. Basel: Basler Missionsbuchh., 1941.
MacIver, D. A Chinese-English dictionary. Hakka-dialect as spoken in Kwang-tung province. Revised by M.C. MacKenzie. Shanghai: Presbyterian Mission Press, 1926.
Schlyter, Herman. Theodor Hamberg: Den förste svenske Kinamissionären. Lund: Gleerup, 1952
So Kwan-wai, Eugene P. Boardman and Ch'iu P'ing. "Hung Jen-kan, Taiping Prime Minister, 1859-1864." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 20, No. 1/2. (Jun., 1957), 262-294.