The long 19th century

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The Long 19th Century, defined by Eric Hobsbawm, a British Marxist historian and author, refers to the period between the years 1789 and 1914.

That period begins with the French Revolution, which established a nonmonarchial republic in Europe, to the beginnings of World War I. Upon the conclusion of World War I late in 1918, many of the fashions and territorial agreements of the 19th century proper (1801—1900) were eliminated.

Hobsbawm lays out this theory in three books, The Age of Revolution : Europe 1789-1848, The Age of Capital : Europe 1848-1875, and The Age of Empire : Europe 1875-1914

The sequel Age of Extremes, covers The Short 20th Century