The Tragedy of Mariam
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The Tragedy of Mariam, the Fair Queen of Jewry is a Jacobean era closet drama written by Elizabeth Tanfield Cary, and first published in 1613. Ignored for three centuries, the play has now received attention as the first original tragedy by a woman published in English.
The play was written between 1602 and 1604,[1] was never staged in its own historical era, and apparently was never intended for stage performance by its author. It was entered into the Stationers' Register in December 1612. The 1613 quarto was published by the bookseller Thomas Creede. Cary's drama belongs to the sub-genre of the Senecan revenge tragedy. The primary sources for the play are The Wars of the Jews and The Antiquities of the Jews by Josephus, which Cary used in Thomas Lodge's 1602 translation.
[edit] Synopsis
The Tragedy tells the story of Mariam, a member of the Hasmonean dynasty and the second wife of Herod the Great, king of Palestine 39-4 B.C. When the play opens, in 29 B.C., Herod is thought dead at the hand of Octavian (later Caesar Augustus), and Mariam faces her ambivalent feelings about her husband; Herod had loved her, but had also murdered her grandfather and brother. In Act IV, however, Herod returns, dispelling the false report of his death. The play draws a contrast between the essential integrity of Mariam and the deceit and double dealing of Salome. Though Mariam is the title character and the play's moral center, her part in the play amounts to only about 10% of the whole;[2] Cary uses a set of secondary characters to provde a multi-vocal portrayal of Herod's court and Jewish society under his tyranny. The ending of the play is consistent with the tyranny of both its fictional Herod and the actual historical figure: six characters die, including Mariam.
The play has been edited and published in several modern editions, and has acquired a large and growing body of critical and scholarly commentary.
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- Cary, Elizabeth. The Tragedy of Mariam, the Fair Queen of Jewry. Stephanie Hodgson-Wright, ed. Guelph, ON, Broadview Press, 2000.
- Cary, Elizabeth. The Tragedy of Mariam, the Fair Queen of Jewry. Barry Weller, Margaret W. Ferguson, eds. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1994.
- Cerasano, Susan P., and Marion Wynn-Davies, eds. Renaissance Drama by Women: Texts and Documents. London, Routledge, 2003.
- Lewalski, Barbara. Writing Women in Jacobean England. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1994.
- Pacheco, Anita, ed. A Companion to Early Modern Women's Writing. London, Blackwell, 2002.
