The Sea of Fertility
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The Sea of Fertility (豊饒の海 Hojou no Umi?) is a series of four novels by Yukio Mishima:
The series, which Mishima began in 1964, is usually thought of as his masterpiece. Its title refers to the Mare Fecunditatis, a "sea" on the Moon.
The main timeline of the story stretches from 1912 to 1975. The viewpoint of all four books is that of Shigekuni Honda, a law student in Spring Snow who eventually becomes a wealthy retired judge in The Decay of the Angel. Each of the novels depicts what Honda comes to believe are successive reincarnations of his schoolfriend Kiyoaki Matsugae, and Honda's attempts to save them from the early deaths to which they seem to be condemned by karma. This results in both personal and professional embarrassment for Honda, and eventually destroys him.
The friend's successive reincarnations are:
- Kiyoaki Matsugae, a young aristocrat
- Isao Iinuma, an ultranationalist and violent extremist
- Ying Chan, an indolent Thai princess
- Tōru Yasunaga, a manipulative and sadistic orphan
Other characters who appear in more than one book include Satoko Ayakura (Kiyoaki's lover), Tadeshina (Satoko's maid), Imperial Prince Toin, Shigeyuki Iinuma (Kiyoaki's servant and Isao's father), Keiko Hisamatsu, and Rié (Honda's wife).
Although The Temple of Dawn contains lengthy arguments in favour of the theory of reincarnation, Mishima's biographers note that he did not believe in it himself. An earlier work of about the same length, Kyoko's House, had been spurned by critics; it has been conjectured that he embarked on The Sea of Fertility in defiant response. It expresses many of Mishima's deepest-held convictions about the nature and purposes of human life, and the last book is thought to encapsulate an (extremely negative) personal assessment of himself and his own legacy.
The tetralogy was described by Paul Theroux as "the most complete vision we have of Japan in the twentieth century". Although the first book is a loving recreation of Japan in the brief Taishō period, and is well-grounded in its time and place, references to current affairs are generally tangential to what is later to become Honda's obsessive quest to understand the workings of individual fate and to save his friend.
