The Phantom of the Opera (adaptations)

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There have been many literary and dramatic works based on Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera, ranging from light operas to films to children's books. Some well known stage and screen adaptations of the novel are the 1925 silent film and the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical; Susan Kay's 1990 Phantom is one of the best known novels and includes in-depth study of Erik's life and experiences.

Contents

[edit] Films

Claude Rains portraying Erique Claudin, the Phantom, in Universal's 1943 version of Phantom of the Opera. Picture with Susanna Foster (Christine DuBois).
Claude Rains portraying Erique Claudin, the Phantom, in Universal's 1943 version of Phantom of the Opera. Picture with Susanna Foster (Christine DuBois).
  • Das Gespenst im Opernhaus or Das Phantom der Oper (1916): Featuring the Swedish actor Nils Olaf Chrisander (1884-1947) and the Norwegian actress Aud Egede-Nissen (1893-1974, aka Aud Egede Richter). Now a lost film and is only believed to have existed because of references in other media.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1925): Featuring Lon Chaney, Sr. and Mary Philbin. For this classic silent film Universal Studios created a faithful replica of the Paris Opera House as a setting. The film was reissued in 1929 with sound effects, music and some reshot dialogue sequences (but none with Chaney). The scene in which Erik plays the organ and Christine creeps up behind him to snatch his mask off is often cited by critics and connoisseurs of film art as one of the most memorable moments in the history of film.
  • Song at Midnight (Chinese: 夜半歌聲 Ye ban ge sheng) (1937): Featuring Gu Menghe and Hu Ping, directed by Maxu Weibang.
  • Phantom of the Opera (1943): Featuring Claude Rains as the Phantom and the singer Susanna Foster as Christine. This film re-used the same Paris Opera studio set as the original silent film and once again features the spectacular scene in which the Phantom causes the chandelier to crash down on the heads of the audience. In this version, however, horror is mostly downplayed in favour of grand operatic spectacle. And here the Phantom's facial disfigurement is caused by him having acid thrown in his face rather than him being born disfigured as in Leroux's original story. This accidental disfigurement became part of the Phantom legend, and was copied in later film versions.
  • The Climax (1944). More of a follow up to the 1943 film and has little to do with the Leroux story.
  • El Fantasma de la Opereta (1954): Featuring Gogó Andreu and Tono Andreu. Bears no similarity to the Leroux novel sans the title.
  • El Fantasma de la Opereta (1959): Featuring German Valdés (Tin Tan) and Pedro de Aguillon.
  • Phantom of the Horse Opera (1961): A Woody Woodpecker cartoon.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1962): Hammer Horror version featuring Herbert Lom and Heather Sears. This version has the Phantom playing the Toccata and Fugue in D Minor by Johann Sebastian Bach on the organ - which has become a cultural trope indicating tragic horror. As in the 1943 version the Phantom is disfigured by acid.
  • The Mid-Nightmare, Part One (1962) and Part Two (1963) (Chinese: 夜半歌声-上集 Ye ban ge sheng - shang ji and 下集 xia ji): Remake of the 1937 Chinese film, this time featuring Zhao Lei and Betty Loh Tih.
  • Il Vampiro dell'Opera or The Monster or the Opera (1964): Featuring Giuseppe Addobbati.
  • Phantom of the Paradise (1974): Also called The Phantom of the Fillmore; a rock musical directed by Brian De Palma.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1987): Featuring Aiden Grennell (Cartoon).
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1989): Directed by Dwight H. Little, featuring Robert Englund and Jill Schoelen. This is a rather sadistic and gory version of the story: though in this respect it resembles the original novel more than some more romantic versions. There is a Faustian motif throughout and the film features extracts from Gounod's opera Faust - as in the original novel.
  • The Phantom of the Mall: Eric's Revenge (1989): Featuring Derek Rydall.
  • The 1990 re-make of the 1925 Version of Phantom of the Opera A Restored version with soundtrack and new music by Rick Wakeman and narration by Christopher Lee. Starring Lon Chaney. 88 Minutes. New musical score replaces the 1925 score. It was sold by Video Treasures on Video Tape Copyrighted in 1993. ISBN is 1-55529-785-4.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1991): Featuring David Staller and Elizabeth Walsh.
  • O Fantasma da Ópera (1991): Featuring Geiso Amadeu.
  • The Chipmunks - Phantom Of The Rock Opera (1991)
  • The Phantom of the Ritz ([1992): Featuring Joshua Sussman.
  • The Phantom Lover (1995): A second remake of the 1937 film, by Hong Kong director Ronny Yu and featuring Leslie Cheung. Title in Chinese is the same as the other versions.
  • Il Fantasma dell'Opera (1998): Directed by Dario Argento, featuring Julian Sands and Asia Argento.
  • Joel Schumacher's The Phantom of the Opera (2004): Adaptation of the musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Charles Hart musical, starring Gerard James Butler and Emmy Rossum. Patrick Wilson appears as vicomte Raoul de Chagny.
  • Ye Ban Ge Sheng (2005) - TV-series

[edit] Television

[edit] Stage

  • The Phantom of the Opera sequel by Andrew Lloyd Webber (2009)
  • Gaston Leroux's Phantom of the Opera by Joseph Traynor (2007).
  • Phantom of the NorShor (2005).
  • Phantom of the Opera: Original Family Musical (1998) with book by Rob Barron and music, lyrics and orchestrantion by David Spencer.
  • The Phantom of the Opera on Ice (1995) with narration and lyrics by Roberto Danova, Tony Mercer, Kathy Dooley and Stephen Lee Garden. Music composed and arranged by Roberto Danova.
  • Phantom of the Opera (1992) with book by Michael Tilford and music and lyrics by Tom Alonso.
  • The Phantom of the Opera: An Exciting New Musical Adaptation (1992), book and lyrics by Joseph Robinette and music by Robert Chauls.
  • Phantom of the Op'ry: A Melodrama with Music (1991), book by Tom Kelly, music by Gerald V. Castle and lyrics by Michael C. Vigilant.
  • Phantom (1991): Musical by Maury Yeston (music and lyrics) and Arthur Kopit (text).
  • Phantom (1991) book by David H. Bell, music by Tom Sivak.
  • Phantom of the Opera (1990) with book by Bruce Falstein and music by Lawrence Rosen and Paul Shierhorn.
  • The Phantom of the Opera: The Play (1988-1989) by John Kenley and Robert Thomas Noll, music by David Gooding and Charles Gounod.
  • The Pinchpenny Phantom of the Opera: An Affordable Musical Comedy (1988) by Dave Reiser and Jack Sharkey.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (a.k.a. The American Phantom of the Opera: A Love Story) (1987) by Helen Grigal (book and lyrics) and Eugene Anderson (music). Produced by the Oregon Ridge Dinner Theater in cooperation with the Baltimore Actor's Theater. Director/Choreographer: Helen Grigal.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1986): Musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber.
  • The Phantom of the Opera: Or the Passage of Christine (1986) with book by Kathleen Masterson and music by David Bishop.
  • Phantom of the Opera: A New Victorian Thriller (1979) by Gene Traylor.
  • Ken Hill's Phantom of the Opera (1976/1984): Musical by Ken Hill, with lyrics set to music by Gounod, Offenbach, Verdi, and others.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1975) by David Giles.
  • The Phantom of the Opera: The Musical adapted by Ivan Jacobs from the play by John Kenley and Robert Thomas Noll.
  • Das Phantom der Oper with music by A. Gerber - and the text by P. Wilhelm.
  • "Phantom of the Music Room" by Janet Gardner: A children's musical play featuring a loosely adapted storyline with lyrics set to assorted classical and historical tunes.

[edit] Literature

  • Angel of Music, or The Private Life of Giselle (2007) by Maria Andrianova - the first Russian novel on this theme, illustrated by professional artist. A sequel to original Leroux novel.
  • Unmasqued: An Erotic Novel of The Phantom of The Opera (2007) by Colette Gale
  • Tales of the Shadowmen 2: Gentlemen of the Night (2006) edited by Jean-Marc Lofficier & Randy Lofficier. Published by Black Coat Press
  • Tales of the Shadowmen 1: The Modern Babylon (2005) edited by Jean-Marc Lofficier & Randy Lofficier. Published by Hollywood Comics
  • Angel of Music: Tales of the Phantom (2005) by Carrie Hernández
  • Fantômes d'Opéra (2004) by Alain Germain.
  • The Phantom of Paris (2003) by Gwenith M. Vehlow
  • Mystery at the Opera House (2002) by Brigitta D'Arcy
  • Angel of Music (2002) by D.M. Bernadette - a sequel to "all Phantom adaptations"
  • Journey of the Mask (2002) by Nancy Hill Pettengill - a sequel to Leroux's original novel
  • After Twilight (2001) by Amanda Ashley, Christine Feehan and Ronda Thompson.
  • Le Journal Intime du Fantôme de l'Opera (2000) by Marion Dumond-Gros.
  • The Phantom of Manhattan (1999) by Frederick Forsyth - a sequel to the Lloyd Webber musical (not to the original novel).
  • Musikens Ängel (The Angel of Music), Swedish novel by Eva Gullberg. Published by Författarhuset in 1998.
  • Beauty and the Opera or the Phantom Beast a short story by Suzy McKee Charnas. Published in Asimov’s Science Fiction Magazine, March [1996. Reprinted in Modern Classics of Fantasy (1997) by St. Martins Press (editor: Gardner Dozois), again in Music of the Night (2001) by Electricstory, and in Stagestruck Vampires and Other Phantasms (2004) this short story offers an alternate ending, with Christine staying with the Phantom for five years.
  • Maskerade (1995) by Terry Pratchett - a Discworld novel that parodies the story.
  • The Angel of the Opera (1994) by Sam Siciliano - Sherlock Holmes and his cousin meet the Phantom.
  • Genevieve Undead, Part One: Stage Blood (1993) by Jack Yeovil - A version of the story set in the world of Warhammer Fantasy.
  • The Canary Trainer (1993) by Nicholas Meyer - a Sherlock Holmes novel which re-interprets Leroux's plot.
  • Phantom of Chicago (1993) by Lori Herter. Published in Shadows '93 by Silhoutette.
  • Behind the Phantom's Mask (1993) by Roger Ebert.
  • Night of the Phantom (1992) by Anne Stuart.
  • Phantom (1991) by Susan Kay - a retelling of the Phantom's life.
  • Phantoms (1989) by Martin and Rosalind Greenberg.
  • Night Magic (1989) by Charlotte Vale Allen - a romance novel retelling of the Phantom story in more modern times.
  • Classic Tales of Horror (A Pull-the-Tab Pop-Up Book) (1988) by Terry Oakes (Illustrator)
  • Phantom of the Soap Opera (1988) by Judi Miller. Published by Dell Pub Co
  • The Phantom of the Opera: Pop-Up Book (1988) by Frank Van Der Meer, Arum Press
  • Phantom of the Opera (Monsters series) (1987) by Ian Thorne - Novelization of the 1943 movie with Claude Rains
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1976) by David Bischoff
  • City Life by Donald Barthelme - Contains the short story The Phantom of the Opera's Friend

[edit] Children's Literature

Cover of Phantom of the Auditorium
Cover of Phantom of the Auditorium
  • The Phantom Cat of the Opera (2001) by David Wood. Published by Watson-Guptill Publications. Illustrated by Peters Day
  • Phantoms Don't Drive Sports Cars (1998) ( The Adventures of the Bailey School Kids ) by Debbie Dadey and Marcia Thornton Jones. Published by Scholastic Paperbacks
  • Bantam of the Opera (1997) by Mary Jane Auch. Published by Holiday House
  • Phantom Of The Auditorium (1995) by R. L. Stine
  • Phantom of the Muppet Theater (1991) by Ellen Weiss, Manhar Chauhan (Illustrator)
  • The Peeping Duck Gang investigates the case of the Phantom of the Opera (1990) by Keith Brumpton.
  • Babar: The Phantom (1990) by Rh Value Publishing
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1989) by Peter F. Neumeyer. Published by Gibbs Smith. Illustrations by Don Weller.
  • The Phantom of the Opera by Kate McMullan. Published by Step-Up Classic Chillers. Illustrations by Paul Jennis.
  • The Phantom of the Opera by Jennifer Bassett. Published by Oxford Bookworm's Library.
  • In Bruce Coville's book "Monster of the Year", a tall masked Phantom-esque character appears briefly, suggesting that for good publicity, the others try for a show on Broadway. This suggestion is vetoed by the main character's mother, saying it takes years for such a thing to happen.

[edit] Comics

  • The Trap-door Maker Three volumes. (2006) by Pete Bregman. Published by Treehouse - story revolves around Erik's time in Persia.
  • The Opera House Murders (2003) story by Yozaburo Kanari and art by Fumiya Sato. In "The Kindaichi Case Files" series. Published by TokyoPop.
  • KISS: Return of the Phantom (2003) - sequel to the movie KISS: Meets the Phantom of the Park
  • Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan #11 and #12 Le Monstre (1997) published by Dark Horse Comics - A Phantom of the Opera/Tarzan crossover.
  • Batman: Masque (1997) by Mike Grell with Andrz Khromov. Published by DC Comics.
  • Le Trésor du Fantôme de l'Opéra (The Treasure of the Phantom of the Opera) Volume 7 of the Joseph Rouletabille series. Story by André-Paul Duchateau and drawings by Bernard-C. Swysen. Published by Claude Lefrancq in 1996 and Soleil in 2001.
  • Le Fantôme de l'Opéra (1995) by JET. Published by Asuka Comics DX - Japanese, mixes elements from Leroux, Andrew L. Webber, and Lon Chaney.
  • Sherlock Holmes: Adventure of the Opera Ghost Two volumes. (1994) by Steven P. Jones, art by Aldin Baroza, and cover art by Guy Davis. In black&white. Published by Caliber press.
  • Phantom of the Opera (1991) by Mitchell Perkins and Wanda Daughton (and Vickie Williams). Published by Innovation.
  • Le Fantôme de l'Opéra Volume 1 of the Joseph Rouletabille series. Story by André-Paul Duchateau and drawings by Bernard-C. Swysen. Published by Claude Lefrancq in 1989 and Soleil in 2001.
  • The Phantom is Monster in My Pocket #38. He is draughted by evil monster leader Warlock but sides with Vampire and the good monsters. He becomes less inclined to wear his mask as the series go on after being exposed to MTV.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (1988) published by Eternity Comics - Based on Gaston Leroux's novel.
  • The Phantom of the Opera: A Graphic Novel by Barry Leroux. Published by Bill Barry Enterprises.
  • The Phantom Stranger (1973) no. 23 published by DC Comics.
  • The Phantom of Notre Duck (1965) by Carl Barks.
  • Le Fantome de l'Opera by Toshihiro Hirano. Two volumes.

[edit] Non-fiction

  • The Phantom Of The Opera: Film Companion (2005) by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Joel Schumacher.
  • Shadowmen (2003) by Jean-Marc Lofficier. Published by Hollywood Comics
  • The Underground of the Phantom of the Opera (2002) by Jerrold E. Hogle.
  • The Phantom of the Opera (Hollywood Archives Series) (1999) by Philip J. Riley.
  • Phantoms of the Opera: The Face Behind the Mask by John L. Flynn. First edition published 1993, second edition in 2006.
  • The Complete Phantom of the Opera (1991) by George Perry.
  • Abenteuer und Geheimnis: Untersuchungen zu Strukturen und Mythen des Populärromans bei Gaston Leroux (1988) by Hans T. Siepe. Published by P. Lang.
  • Le Travail de l'"obscure clarté" dans Le Fantôme de l'Opéra de Gaston Leroux by Isabelle Husson-Casta.

[edit] Translations

  • 1911 The Phantom of the Opera into English translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos.
  • 1926 Operaens Hemmelighed translated into Norwegian/Danish by Anna Høyer.
  • 1970 Fantóm Opery translated into Czech by J.V. Svoboda.
  • 1988 Fantomen på Operan translated into Swedish by Ulla Hornborg. (Translated from the English translation by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos).
  • 1990 The Phantom of the Opera translated into English by Lowell Bair.
  • 1996 The Essential Phantom of the Opera translated into English by Leonard Wolf.
  • 2000 Fantomet i Operaet translated into Danish by Lea Brems.
  • 2004 The Phantom of the Opera translated into English by Jean-Marc Lofficier and Randy Lofficier.

[edit] Music

  • A heavy metal song by the band Iron Maiden about the book was recorded for the Iron Maiden album, released in 1980 and in its live singles cover, the band's mascot Eddie is playing organ and holding Phantom's mask.
  • Cover band Me First and the Gimme Gimmes recorded a punk rock version of the title track from Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical on their 1999 album Are a Drag.
  • Heavy metal band Iced Earth wrote a song titled "The Phantom Opera Ghost," released in 2001. The song is built around an abbreviated retelling of the story, with lead singer Matt Barlow playing the role of the Phantom, and Yunhui Percifield playing the role of Christine.
  • Gothic rock band Dreams of Sanity has recorded cover versions of the title track from Lloyd Webber's musical.
  • Phantasia is the orchestral interpretation created by Andrew and Julian Lloyd Webber [1]. A cello assumes the role of the Phantom (Julian Lloyd Webber) while a violin assumes the role of Christine (Sarah Chang).
  • Trance has a techno version of the Phantom of the Opera theme song.
  • A heavy metal song by the band Cristal y Acero from México covering the main theme of Webber's The Phantom of the Opera.
  • A techno song by the band Banya, covering Webber's "Phantom Of The Opera Theme," created to feature in the game Pump It Up.
  • Finnish metal band Nightwish and Swiss gothic band Lacrimosa have done a version of the theme song.
  • In 2004, for the movie version, Junior Vasquez made remixes of the song.
  • DCI corps Santa Clara Vanguard won 1st place with a show based on and using music from the musical.

[edit] Pop Culture references

The Phantom is called "the gayest super villain ever" by Homer Simpson, particularly the Andrew Lloyd Webber version. Erik seems to be a reoccurring background character on The Simpsons. He has appeared in several episodes, the most noticeable of which include:

Homer's haughty speech from the rafters.
Notice the robe deftly draped over his face like the Phantom's mask (from Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical).
"Phantom of the Opry"
He was in the background at Duff Land
Martin Prince has become him in the future
He appears in Lenny's HiDef TV when Homer first turns it on

The Phantom has also been featured in Married With Children, multiple children's shows (an episode of Animaniacs is quite memorable, while a whole episode of the show Count Duckula was set in Paris and featured the Phantom throughout), and even soap operas like Passions.

  • In one Tiny Toons episode, Buster Bunny is playing the organ and is wearing the Phantom of the Opera mask.
  • Wilson on Home Improvement dressed-up as the Phantom in a Halloween episode.
  • In Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, Count Olaf (Jim Carrey) has a newspaper with a picture of Lon Chaney as the Phantom on the front page.
  • The Phantom (from Andrew Lloyd Webber) showed up in Backstreet Boys music video Everybody
  • Erik (from Leroux) shows up in Have You Got Any Castles? together with Frankenstein's monster, Mr. Hyde and Fu Manchu, on the The Looney Tunes Golden Collection Volume. It was also featured on the cover of Video Watchdog.
  • In an episode of Sex and the City, Carry sees her old flame Mr. Big at the Opera. After storming out she thinks to herself "I felt like I had just seen the Phantom of the Opera".
  • He appears in an episode of Jimmy Neutron that focuses on Jimmy unmasking a series of "Phantoms" who turn out to his classmates before finally coming to the "real" Phantom.
  • In the SpongeBob SquarePants episode, "Something Smells," SpongeBob thinks he is ugly, and at one point he is seen in a long black cape playing a pipe organ.
  • In Neopets two collectible cards make references. "The Phantom" [2], which is clearly meant to resemble the Phantom, and "Riyella" [3] which features the description "The Phantom's true love".
  • The Phantom is included among the band in the Beetlejuice cartoon show at Universal Studios Theme Parks. He also is a featured character in The Sadie Chronicles.
  • "Phantom of the Opera" is a song by heavy metal band Iron Maiden, featured on their 1980 self-titled album.
  • In the children's series, "Arthur", a 'clip' from the "Phantom of the Opera" appears when he is watching television, avoiding practicing piano.
  • An episode of "Histeria!" featured a "Dating Game" type skit with composers instead of suitors, and one was Andrew Lloyd Webber ( he was just identified as Andrew) wearing the Phantom's costume while standing in the boat from the title number in the middle of a Gothic, subterranean lake.
  • Slovenian metal band Coptic Rain covered/remixed the main theme song on their Discovery EP.
  • During "Batman Returns", there is a scene at a costume party, and in the background we see a guest with a skull mask and a large, red hat standing on a staircase.
  • The 14th episode in season 1 of That Girl is entitled "Phantom of the Horse Opera" [4]
  • The rapper Lil' Wayne mentions Phantom of the Opera in his song Hustler Musik.
  • During a sketch called "New Off-Broadway Shows" on Conan O'Brien, they performed "Infomercial: The Musical", during which the Phantom appears with a juicer, while singing "I am the Phantom of the Juicer!"
  • The Doctor Who story The Caves of Androzani shares many similarities to Leroux's work, although the circumstances of Sharaz Jek's disfigurement owe more to the 1943 film version.
  • "The Phantom Opera Ghost" is a song done by Iced Earth on their Album "Horror Show"
  • In the pilot episode of Clerks: The Animated Series the Phantom can been seen briefly in a sewer watching a signal go through a cable line.
  • MeatLoaf's video for the 1993 song "I'd Do Anything for Love (but I Won't Do That)" is based on Phantom of the Opera as well as Beauty and the Beast.
  • In 1995, WWE's The Undertaker was forced to wear a phantom of the opera-like mask after Mabel crushed his orbital eye bone..which made him look like The Phantom from the film and novel.
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