The Owl Service
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| Author | Alan Garner |
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| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Random House Children's Books (Hardcover), Collins (1973 paperback) |
| Released | June 1968 (Hardcover), Sept. 1973 (paperback) |
| Media type | Hardcover, Paperback |
| Pages | 160 (1973 paperback) |
| ISBN | ISBN 0-00-184603-5 (1996 hardcover) ISBN 0-00-670693-2 (1973 paperback) |
The Owl Service is a young adult novel by Alan Garner first published in 1967. It is a contemporary interpretation, which Garner described as an "expression of the myth", of the story of the mythical Welsh figure of Blodeuwedd, whose story is told in the Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi.
The legend concerns a woman created from flowers by a Welsh wizard. She betrays her husband, Lleu, in favor of another, Gronw or Goronwy, and is turned into an owl as punishment for inducing Gronw to kill Lleu.
Various kinds of discrimination and prejudice pervade the plot. There is the condescending English view of the Welsh and its corollary in the Welsh resentment of English money. There is the class divide, not only between a working class boy and richer children, but between a land-owning family and a businessman's family. There is the divide between urban Welsh and the Welsh-speaking country people. The boy Gwyn speaks Welsh to the locals to practise for his examinations at school, but his mother does not want him "speaking like a labourer". Speaking English, Gwyn's Welsh accent marks him as inferior in English eyes as well. These innate conflicts are part of the author's device to create a conflict, not out of malice on anyone's part, but out of the bringing together of mismatched outlooks.
The boy Gwyn is probably aged 15, as he speaks of examinations "next year". These would have been the GCE or CSE examinations taken at age 16. Alison and Roger are presumably about the same age as Gwyn.
Contents |
[edit] Plot introduction
Three teenagers find themselves acting out the old legend of Blodeuwedd in an isolated valley in Wales, a few hours drive from Aberystwyth.
[edit] Explanation of the novel's title
The first encounter with the legend is with the set of plates, or "dinner service" with the owl pattern, which is found in the attic above Alison's room.
[edit] Plot summary
Roger and Alison are step-brother and sister. Alison's father died and her mother Margaret has married Clive, a businessman and former RAF officer. Clive's former wife was notoriously unfaithful, bringing shame to the family and a particular kind of pain to his son, Roger. To bond the new family together they are spending a few weeks of the summer in Wales, at a fine house formerly owned by Alison's father, and transferred to her in order to avoid death duty. He in turn inherited it from a cousin, Bertram, who died there in mysterious circumstances around the time Alison was born.
With the house comes Huw Halfbacon, also known as Hugh the Flitch, a handyman and gardener. He is the last of the original domestic staff to remain at the cottage. The former cook, Nancy, had left to live in Aberystwyth but is offered a substantial amount to come and resume her duties. With her comes her son Gwyn. He has never seen the valley before but knows everything about it, courtesy of his mother's stories. Someone else who knows a lot about the place is Huw, but he is very mysterious about it. Oddly, Nancy has told Gwyn nothing about Huw.
Alison hears scratching noises in the attic above her bed and persuades Gwyn to investigate. He finds stacks of dinner plates with a floral pattern. When he picks one up, something odd happens. He almost falls through the ceiling while simultaneously Roger, lounging by a large flat stone near the river, hears a scream and seems to see something flying through the air toward him. The stone is known as the Stone of Gronw. It has a hole neatly bored through it, and legend says that Lleu killed Gronw by throwing his spear clear through the stone that Gronw was holding to shield himself.
Alison begins behaving peculiarly. She traces the pattern on the plate onto paper and folds the result to make an owl. Finding out that Gwyn has been in the attic, Nancy demands that Alison give up the plate. Alison asserts she has no right to it, and eventually produces a blank white plate. She maintains that the pattern disappeared from the plate. Alison becomes obsessed by the plates. One by one she traces them and makes the owls, and one by one the plates become blank. The owls themselves disappear, though no-one cares at first about some folded paper models.
In the house's billiard room part of the wall has been covered with pebble-dash. Bit by bit this begins to crack and fall away, exposing first a pair of painted eyes, and then an entire portrait of a woman made of flowers. Tensions between the occupants of the house begin to rise. Gwyn is intelligent and wants to further his education, but Clive expresses a stereotypical clannish closed-ranks attitudes of the upper middle-class towards him. Roger begins to feel hostile despite his initial friendliness. Eventually he takes to ridiculing Gwyn's efforts to improve himself with elocution lessons on gramophone records, calling them "improve-a-prole". Alison seems friendly to Gwyn and the two go on long walks together. She has visions where she sees herself next to him, even though he is some distance away. Margaret, her mother, never appears but the need to keep her happy affects everyone else.
As the vacation slides into disaster, the British attitude of "seeing it through to the end" prevails, even though Clive could pay off all the staff and leave at any time. Nancy repeatedly threatens to quit, and is repeatedly mollified with crisp banknotes. She constantly warns Gwyn to stay away from the others, lest he be taken out of school and forced to work in a grocery store to earn some money. Nancy gradually reveals her resentment of Margaret and Alison, as she once expected to marry Bertram and should have been mistress of the very house she toils in.
Competition between the boys for Alison is, at most, a subtext here, although Garner's television script is much more overt about Gwyn's attraction to her, despite his poverty. Alison, notwithstanding any attraction to him, would rather keep her privileges, such as her tennis club membership, than cross her mother. This is something she eventually admits to Gwyn.
The mysterious Huw presides over this like some ringmaster at a circus, making strange pronouncements. There is background of odd comments from the villagers, noises of motorcycles in the distance, sounds of birds, and mysterious noises from locked buildings.
Gwyn follows Alison on one of her inexplicable midnight walks. She is completing her tracing of the plates somewhere in the woods. Gwyn is harassed by columns of flame, which he tries to convince himself are merely marsh gas. He finds Alison when she has made the final owl, then escorts her back to the cottage. Huw is waiting, and greets them with the remark "She's come".
By this time the connection between the legend and the events is becoming clear. Gwyn tries to see things rationally. He attempts to run away, walking up the sides of the valley as the weather worsens, but is chased back by a pack of sheepdogs. Stealing Roger's hiking gear, he tries the other side of the valley, only to find Huw waiting for him. Huw tells him of the power that exists in the valley, how those of the blood have to re-enact the legend each time, and how Blodeuwedd always comes as owls instead of flowers because of the hatred. Huw, of course, is Gwyn's real father, so Gwyn is the next generation. Huw was responsible for Bertram's death, sabotaging the antique motorcycle Bertram liked to ride around the garden, not realizing he would take it out on the dangerous hill road. The dinner plates and the wall painting were done by Huw's ancestors, trying to lock up the magic in their creations, but Alison has let it loose again.
Huw directs Gwyn to a crack in an ancient tree where he finds various things, including a spear head. All the men of Huw's line come to this tree, where they leave something and take something. Gwyn removes a carved stone, leaving a trashy owl-decorated trinket. He tells Huw to give the stone to Alison. Gwyn is going to return to the cottage and leave with his mother, who has finally and irrevocably quit.
In a locked room, Roger discovers a stuffed owl, which Bertram shot in his own attempt to lay the ghost of Blodeuwedd, along with all the paper owls which have traced intricate patterns in the dust of a storeroom. He also finds the sabotaged motorcycle. Nancy charges in and wrecks the place, destroying the owl and then attempting to knock the very feathers out of the air.
Alison, having been given the stone by Huw, collapses and is brought into the kitchen, where she writhes in the grip of some force which makes claw marks on her skin. Huw begs Gwyn to comfort her, but Gwyn by now feels totally betrayed by Alison and can say nothing. A storm rages outside, branches smashing through the windows and skylight, a sound of owls and eagles pressing in on them. Feathers swirl in the room and trace owl patterns on the walls and ceiling.
Roger is desperate, abasing himself before Gwyn, but to no avail. "It is always owls, over and over and over," says Huw. Then Roger shouts that it's not true, that she is flowers. He yells this at Alison until abruptly all is peaceful, and the room is filled not with feathers but with petals.
[edit] Literary significance and criticism
In essays collected in The Voice That Thunders, Garner has described much of the genesis of the book. He covers his discovery of the Mabinogion as a student, how the fourth branch "struck me as being such a modern story of the damage people do to each other, not through evil but through the unhappy combination of circumstance that throws otherwise harmless personalities together", and his friendship with Dafydd Rees Cilwern, the basis for the character of Huw in the book.
In "Filming the Owl Service" (Armada, 1970), Alan Garner says on p. 10 that "Most writers, I suspect, hope that just once in a life a book will go right. The Owl Service did, for me. It seemed at times that I was discovering, not writing, a story: it was all there, waiting, and I was like an archaeologist picking away the sand to reveal the bones."
He also mentions that Dafydd Rees first went to work in about 1898 at the house where part of the series was filmed:
- He was a very great help to me, since he shared freely his knowledge of the valley, its traditions and its history. But although he knew that I was writing a story about the valley, we never discussed the legend. So it was a shock when one day, while we were talking, Dafydd scratched the name "Blodeuwedd" on a piece of slate.
- "What's that?" I said.
- "A name," said Dafydd.
- "Can you tell me about it?"
- "It's just a name."
[edit] Trivia
The last line of Chapter 8 has Gwyn saying to Roger, "You're as daft as a clockwork orange". Although this novel was written after the publication of the book "A Clockwork Orange", it is doubtful that Garner intended a reference to the 1962 novel by Anthony Burgess. It is more likely that he was using a common colloquialism. There is some dispute as to whether the expression originated with Burgess's book or was a well-known expression in its own right. This occurrence would indicate the latter.
In I've Seen a Ghost (Granada, 1980), Peter Plummer mentions a nationwide search for a dinner service with the same owl/flower pattern that was run in association with TV Times in 1969:
- "I only know now that there are precious few of these sets in circulation.....(we) only managed to turn up three other copies, one of which, curiously enough, had been accompanied by very unpleasant associations of disaster in the family which had owned it (and one of the other families suddenly woke up to what it was they were eating their tea off while watching the transmission of the first episode)."
[edit] Awards and nominations
It was awarded both the Guardian Award and the Carnegie Medal.
[edit] Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
The Owl Service was made into a Granada Television television serial in 1969. It was dramatized for BBC Radio 4 in 2000 and repeated on BBC Radio 7 in June, 2006.
The television version was remarkably bold in terms of production. It was one of the first colour productions by Granada Television and was filmed almost entirely on location at a time when almost all TV drama was studio-bound. It used editing techniques such as jump-cuts to create a sense of disorientation and also to suggest that two time periods overlapped. Where the book refers occasionally to the sound of a motorcycle, the television realization inserted a fraction of a second of a partial view of the antique motorcycle being ridden. Overall the direction by Peter Plummer was quite radical and seemed to be influenced by the avant-garde, a noted contrast to what might be expected of a children's serial.
The parts of Gwyn, Roger and Allison were played by actors in their 20's — Michael Holden, Francis Wallis and Gillian Hills respectively, although they acted as older teenagers. However a more sexual subtext was inevitable in this situation. Gwyn kisses Alison while on one of their walks, and Roger's scene where he persuades Alison to become flowers ends with Alison looking at him as if he were a lover. The casting of Gillian Hills in particular heightened this sexual aspect. The actress, bearing more than a passing resemblance to Brigitte Bardot, had appeared nude in the film "Blow Up" and indeed also had a singing career in France.
According to the Internet Movie Database, the actor Michael Holden was a victim of a homicide in 1977. Peter Plummer describes Michael Holden's death in I've Seen a Ghost (Granada, 1980):
- "And one day in 1977 the third member of the trio was sitting over a pint of bitter in a Mayfair hotel when two youths burst in, intent, apparently, on an entirely random and gratuitous act of violence. By the time they left, he lay dying on the floor, having had a bottle smashed over his skull."
The serial was repeated in 1978, for the first time in colour. This resulted in Granada placing an endcap with a copyright date of 1978 which might have confused viewers who didn't realise it was actually produced nine years earlier. According to the TV Times this repeat was a tribute to cameraman David Wood who had died a few months earlier. No reference was made to the death of Michael Holden the previous year. A further repeat took place on Channel 4 in the 1980's.
[edit] References
- McGown, Alistair (2004) The Hill And Beyond: Children's Television Drama - an Encyclopaedia, BFI Publishing, p54-56.
[edit] External links
- British Film Institute Screen Online (TV adaptation)
- The Owl Service (TV adaptation) at the Internet Movie Database
- http://members.ozemail.com.au/~xenophon/owls.html (Interesting photos of the original plate that inspired the novel and one with a similar design that was discovered in Shikoku, Japan, in April, 2006)
