The Fundamentals
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The Fundamentals or The Fundamentals: A Testimony of Truth edited by Reuben Archer Torrey is a set of four volumes of essays published in 1917 by the Bible Institute of Los Angeles. They were designed to affirm orthodox Protestant beliefs and defend against ideas deemed inimical to them. They are widely considered to be the foundation of the modern Fundamentalist movement.
The essays were originally financed by Lyman and Milton Stewert, two wealthy Christian oil magnates, in 1909 to set out what they believed to be the fundamentals of Christian faith. These were to be sent free to ministers, missionaries, Sunday School superintendents and other aggressive Christians.
The volumes defended orthodox protest beliefs and attacked Catholicism (also called by them Romanism), socialism, modern philosophy, atheism, Christian Science, Mormonism, Spiritualism, the German higher criticism, Darwinism and liberal theology.
[edit] Sources
The Fundamentals edited by R. A. Torrey, Baker Books, 2003 (reprint of 1917 edition)
Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism by George M. Marsden, Wm B. Eerdman's Publishing Company, 1991
Fundamentalism and American Culture by George M. Marsden, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition, 2006
Strong Religion: The Rise of Fundamentalism around the World (The Fundamentalist Project), by Gabriel A. Almond, University of Chicago Press, 2003
