Thai numerals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Numeral systems by culture | |
|---|---|
| Hindu-Arabic numerals | |
| Western Arabic Eastern Arabic Khmer |
Indian family Brahmi Thai |
| East Asian numerals | |
| Chinese Japanese |
Korean |
| Alphabetic numerals | |
| Abjad Armenian Cyrillic Ge'ez |
Hebrew Ionian/Greek Sanskrit |
| Other systems | |
| Attic Etruscan Urnfield Roman |
Babylonian Egyptian Mayan |
| List of numeral system topics | |
| Positional systems by base | |
| Decimal (10) | |
| 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 | |
| 3, 9, 12, 24, 30, 36, 60, more… | |
Thai numerals (ตัวเลขไทย) are traditionally used in Thailand, although the Arabic numerals (also known as Western numerals) are more common. Apart from the different symbols used for the numerals, the Thai numeration system is exactly the same as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system used in the rest of the world.
In the Thai language, numerals often follow the modified noun and precede a measure word, although variations to this pattern occur.
Contents |
[edit] Main numbers
[edit] Zero to nine
| Thai | RTGS | value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๐ | ศูนย์ | sun | 0 |
| ๑ | หนึ่ง | nueng | 1 |
| ๒ | สอง | song | 2 |
| ๓ | สาม | sam | 3 |
| ๔ | สี่ | si | 4 |
| ๕ | ห้า | ha | 5 |
| ๖ | หก | hok | 6 |
| ๗ | เจ็ด | chet | 7 |
| ๘ | แปด | paet | 8 |
| ๙ | เก้า | kao | 9 |
[edit] Ten to a million
These are assembled from the words for the powers of ten. The number one following a power of ten becomes et. The numbers from twenty to twenty nine begin with yi sip.
| Thai | RTGS | value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ๑๐ | สิบ | sip | 10 |
| ๑๑ | สิบเอ็ด | sip et | 11 |
| ๑๒ | สิบสอง | sip song | 12 |
| ๒๐ | ยี่สิบ | yi sip | 20 |
| ๒๑ | ยี่สิบเอ็ด | yi sip et | 21 |
| ๒๒ | ยี่สิบสอง | yi sip song | 22 |
| ๑๐๐ | ร้อย | roi | 100 |
| ๑๐๐๐ | พัน | phan | 1 000 |
| ๑๐๐๐๐ | หมื่น | muen | 10 000 |
| ๑๐๐๐๐๐ | แสน | saen | 100 000 |
| ๑๐๐๐๐๐๐ | ล้าน | lan | 1 000 000 |
For example, two hundred and thirty-two is song roi sam sip song. The words roi, phan etc. should never be used without a preceding numeral (unless it is beginning nueng), so two hundred and ten, for example, is song roi sip and not song roi nueng sip, and one hundred is either roi or nueng roi (both are acceptable). The same thing goes for phan, muen, saen, and so forth. Native speakers will sometimes use roi nueng (or phan nueng, etc.) with different tones on nueng to distinguish one hundred from one hundred and one. However, such distinction is often not made, and ambiguity may follow. To resolve this problem, if the number 101 (or 1001, 10001, etc.) is intended, one should say roi et (or phan et, muen et, etc.).
[edit] Numbers above a million
Numbers above a million are constructed by prefixing lan with a multiplier. For example, ten million is sip lan, and a trillion (1012) is lan lan.
[edit] Decimal and fractional numbers
Colloquially, decimal numbers are formed by saying จุด (chut, dot) where the decimal separator is located. For example, 1.01 is หนึ่งจุดศูนย์หนึ่ง.
Fractional numbers are formed by placing ใน (nai, in, of) between the numerator and denominator. For example, ⅓ is หนึ่งในสาม.
The word ครึ่ง (khrueng) is used for "half". It precedes the measure word if used alone, but it follows the measure word when used with another number. For example, kradat krueng phaen (กระดาษครึ่งแผ่น) means "half sheet of paper", but kradat nueng phaen krueng (กระดาษหนึ่งแผ่นครึ่ง) means "one and a half sheets of paper".
[edit] Negative numbers
Negative numbers are formed by placing ลบ (lop, minus) in front of the number. For example, -11 is ลบสิบเอ็ด.
[edit] Ordinal numbers
Ordinal numbers are formed by placing ที่ (thi, place) in front of the number. They are not considered a special class of numbers, since the numeral still follows a modified noun, which is thi in this case.
| Thai | RTGS | meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ที่หนึ่ง | thi nueng | first |
| ที่สอง | thi song | second |
| ที่สาม | thi sam | third |
| ที่สี่ | thi si | fourth |
| ที่# | thi # | #st, #nd, #rd, #th |
[edit] Alternate numbers
An alternate set of numerals is used to name tonal marks (ไม้, mai) and educational degrees (ปริญญา, prinya) and is derived from the names of Sanskrit numerals.
| Number | Tonal Mark | Educational Degree | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thai | RTGS | Value | Mark | Thai | RTGS | Meaning | Thai | RTGS | Meaning |
| เอก | ek | one | –่ | ไม้เอก | mai ek | first tone mark | ปริญญาเอก | prinya ek | doctor's degree |
| โท | tho | two | –้ | ไม้โท | mai tho | second tone mark | ปริญญาโท | prinya tho | master's degree |
| ตรี | tri | three | –๊ | ไม้ตรี | mai tri | third tone mark | ปริญญาตรี | prinya tri | bachelor's degree |
| จัตวา | chattawa | four | –๋ | ไม้จัตวา | mai chattawa | fourth tone mark | |||
