Terrace Mutiny
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Terrace Mutiny was a revolt by Canadian soldiers based in Terrace, British Columbia during World War II. The mutiny, which began on November 24, 1944 and ended on November 29, 1944, was the most serious breach of discipline in Canadian military history. The mutiny was triggered by the rumour that soldiers based on the home front would be deployed overseas.
Contents |
[edit] Root causes
As had occurred in Canada during World War I, conscription was a divisive issue in Canadian politics. During the election campaign of 1940, Liberal leader William Lyon Mackenzie King promised to limit Canada's direct military involvement in the war. This was possible in the early years of the war, and those who were conscripted were deployed on the home front. However, as the war progressed, mounting losses combined with a lack of volunteers put greater pressure on the government to send conscripts overseas. Facing pressure from his cabinet, in late November 1944 Mackenzie King agreed to a one-time assignment of conscripts for overseas service.
At the time the Mackenzie King government was reconsidering its conscription policy, the 15th Canadian Infantry Brigade was stationed in Terrace, located in north-west British Columbia. At that time, the town had less than 500 residents. The 15th Brigade, which numbered approximately 3000 men, was composed largely of conscripts, with a significant number of French Canadians, most of whom were uninterested in fighting in any theatre of World War II. The morale of the 15th Brigade was low, largely due to the poor relationship between the soldiers and the local populace, the isolation of the post, the damp weather, lack of recreation, crowded facilities, and the distance from home for most of the men.
[edit] Mutiny
Many of the officers of the brigade were in Vancouver when news that conscripts might be deployed overseas reached soldiers stationed in Terrace. Many of the soldiers began to disobey orders of those officers who were present. On November 24, 1944, members of the Fusiliers du St-Laurent who were part of the 15th Brigade moved to resist any efforts to deploy them overseas. A number of the men seized weapons. The mutiny spread to other elements of the 15th Brigade as news came in of resistance by conscripts of other units stationed elsewhere in the province.
By November 28, the mutiny had begun to wane. The officers, led by Major General George Pearkes, were able to regain control and restore order to the troops. Many of the men returned the seized weapons. By November 29, the mutiny had exhausted itself and some units, such as the Prince Albert Volunteers, were already being shipped out of Terrace.
[edit] Cover-up
The government and military were fearful that the mutiny would spread and impair the war effort. The authorities pressured censors to apply federal defence press censorship regulations more strictly. These efforts were largely successful. The mutiny did not come to be well known among the general public and the event came to be an obscure event in Canadian history.
[edit] Sources
- Daniel Francis (Editor) (1999). Encyclopedia of British Columbia. Harbour Publishing. ISBN 1-55017-200-X.
- German, Daniel. "Press censorship and the Terrace Mutiny: a case study in Second World War information management". Journal of Canadian studies = Revue d'études canadiennes. Vol. 31, no. 4 (Winter 1996–7), pp. 124–142.
- University of Victoria Archives and Special Collections George Pearkes project[1].
