TEP80
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TEP80 is a Russian diesel locomotive. It claims world speed record for a diesel railed vehicle having reached 271 km/h on 5 October 1993. Other sources says the speed was 273 km/h or that it was reached in December 1992.
Probably the record was attained by the locomotive without any car attached putting its record in a different category from others claiming the record (HST and Talgo XXI).