Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For general information on source citation in Wikipedia, see WP:CITE.

Shortcut:
WP:CTT

Contents

[edit] Requesting sources

See also: Wikipedia:Cleanup Resources#Verifiability and sources

What to type What it makes Where it goes
{{fact}} [citation needed] Immediately following a statement that needs a reference or citation.
{{or}} [original research?] Immediately following text that appears to be based upon original research.
{{Unreferencedsect}}
Talk
Info icon This section does not cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations. (help, get involved!)
Any unsourced material that has been or is likely to be challenged may be removed at any time.
Sections, at top
{{Unreferenced}}
Talk
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)
Any material not supported by sources may be challenged and removed at any time.
 Articles, in a "References" section
{{Request quote}}
Talk		 [Quotation from source requested on talk page to verify interpretation of source] Immediately following a statement whose interpretation of a source needs to be verified by a quote in Talk.
{{Failed verification}}
Talk		 [not in citation given] Immediately following a statement that is not supported by the source cited.
{{Citecheck}}
Talk
This article or section may contain inappropriate or misinterpreted citations which do not verify the text.
Please help improve this article by checking for inaccuracies. (help, talk, get involved!)
At the top of an article or section where the text misrepresents the sources cited.
{{Self-published}}
Talk
Info icon This article may contain improper references to self-published sources.
Please help improve this article by removing unreliable sources. A self-published source may only be cited as a primary source in an article about the author or source itself and not as an authority.
At the top of an article using primary sources as secondary sources.
{{Onesource}}
Talk
This article or section relies largely or entirely upon a single source.
Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations of additional sources. (help)
At the top or bottom of an article that is based entirely (or almost entirely) on a single source.
{{More sources}}
Talk
This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. It may be using the words or ideas of other publications in its text, without citing the source(s) of the information.
Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations. (help)
At the top or bottom of an article that does not provide enough sources for thorough verification.
{{Citations missing}}
Talk
Info icon This article or section is missing citations and/or footnotes.

This article or section contains insufficiently sourced phrases. Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. You may improve the article or discuss this issue on the talk page. Help on using footnotes is available.
To be agreed
  • Please use {{Unreferenced}} instead of the following redirected templates: {{Sources}}, {{Unsourced}}, {{Unref}}

[edit] General sources

Some of the reference types below use named fields (such as Title=Electric Power Monthly). In these references, you must use the exact field name (capitalization matters). Fields are separated with pipe (|) characters. The order of the fields does not matter.

What to type What it makes Where it goes
{{1728}}
Talk		 This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{1771 Britannica}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the 1771 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{1911}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{Sect1911}}
Talk		 This section incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Articles
at the end of a section
{{1913}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the public domain 1913 Webster's Dictionary. Articles
near bottom
{{USGovernment}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from {{{sourceURL}}}, a public domain work of the United States Government. Articles
near bottom
{{Bioguide}}
Talk		 This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Articles
near bottom
{{Catholic}}
Talk
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.
 Articles
near bottom
{{CDC}}
Talk		 This article contains material from the CDC (Center for Disease Control) website which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{CIA WFB 2000}}
Talk		 Some information in this article has been taken from the CIA World Factbook, 2000 edition. Articles
near bottom
{{CIA WFB 2003}}
Talk		 This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2003 edition) which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{CIAfb}}
Talk		 This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{NPS.Gov|sourceURL=[1]}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from a National Park Service website({{{sourceURL}}}) that is a public domain work of the United States Government. Articles
near bottom
{{Recreation. Gov|sourceURL=[2] }}

Talk

 This article incorporates text from the Recreation.gov website({{{sourceURL}}}) that is a public domain work of the United States Government. Articles
near bottom
{{from Camerapedia}}
Talk
This article was originally based on one in Camerapedia, used under the GNU Free Documentation License.
 Articles
bottom
{{from Comixpedia}}
Talk
This page was originally based on an entry from Comixpedia and is used under the GNU Free Documentation License.
 Articles
bottom
{{DANFS}}
Talk		 This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Articles
bottom
{{Eastons}}
Talk		 This entry incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897. Articles
at top
{{Etude}}
Talk		 This article is based on a text from the Etude magazine, prior to 1923, that is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{factbook}}
Talk		 This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{FOLDOC}}
Talk		 This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, which is licensed under the GFDL. Articles
near bottom
{{FS1037C}}
Talk

This article contains material from the Federal Standard 1037C, which, as a work of the United States Government, is in the public domain.

 Articles
near bottom
{{GHR}}
Talk		 This article incorporates public domain text from the Genetics Home Reference, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine Articles
near bottom
{{Jargon}}
Talk		 This article is based in part on the Jargon File, which is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{JewishEncyclopedia}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{KeyTarot}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the public domain 1910 book Pictorial Key to the Tarot by Arthur Edward Waite. Please feel free to update the text. Articles
near bottom
{{loc}}
Talk		 This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain. Articles
near bottom?
{{NARA}}
Talk		 This article contains text from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration website which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{NASA}}
Talk		 This article contains material that originally came from a NASA website. According to their site usage guidelines, "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". For more information, please review NASA's use guidelines. Articles
near bottom
{{NCBI-handbook}}
Talk		 This article contains material text from the NCBI Handbook published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{NCBI-scienceprimer}}
Talk		 This article contains material from the Science Primer published by the NCBI, which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
Image description page
Under image
{{NHC}}
Talk
This article includes information collected from the Naval Historical Center, which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.
Articles
near bottom
{{NTSB}}
Talk		 This article contains material that originally came from an NTSB website. According to their site usage guidelines, "Text appearing on NTSB Web pages, in reports, recommendation, and public dockets, unless otherwise noted, was prepared by employees of the United States Government as part of their official duties and, therefore, is not subject to copyright." For more information, please review NTSB's use policies.


Articles
near bottom
{{NVR}}
Talk		 This article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{NIMH}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the National Institute of Mental Health, which is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{Openhistory}}
Talk		 The article incorporates text from OpenHistory. Articles
near bottom
{{pg}}
Talk		 This article incorporates facts obtained from The Political Graveyard. Articles
near bottom
{{Schaff-Herzog}}
Talk		 This article includes content derived from the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914, which is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{SeyffertDCA}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Classical Antiquities by Oskar Seyffert, edited by Henry Nettleship and J. E. Sandys (1894). Articles
near bottom
{{SmithDGRA}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the public domain
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities by William Smith (1870).		 Articles
near bottom
{{SmithDGRBM}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1867). Articles
near bottom
{{SmithDGRG}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1857). Articles
near bottom
{{StateDept}}
Talk		 This article contains material from the US Department of State's Background Notes which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain. Articles
near bottom
{{Vectorsite}}
Talk		 The initial version of this article was based on a public domain article from Greg Goebel's Vectorsite. Articles
Reference
{{WaceBio}}
Talk		 This article uses text from A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies by Henry Wace. Articles
near bottom
{{WikiFur}}
Talk
As of this edit, this article uses content from WikiFur. The original article was at [[WikiFur:{{{1}}}|"{{{1}}}"]] (page history).
As with Wikipedia, copying is permitted under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Talk pages
{{Wookieepedia}}
Talk
As of this edit, this article uses content from Wookieepedia. The original article was at [[Wookieepedia:{{{1}}}|"{{{1}}}"]] and the list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with that of Wikipedia, the text of Wookieepedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License, and all relevant terms must be followed.
Talk pages
{{WorldCoin}}
Talk

The World Coin Gallery owner grants Wikipedia full permission to use any coin images from worldcoingallery.com. This includes commercial use and modification as long as the World Coin Gallery is attributed.
Articles
Reference

[edit] Citations of generic sources

Shortcut:
WP:CITET

Below are examples of how to use templates to cite books, encyclopedias, journals, theses, papers, websites, comic strips, videos, and editorial comics. See also category:citation templates.

  • For full description of the template — click the template name
  • Required field(s) are indicated in bold
  • Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
  • Following each example is the resulting article text.

The use of Citation templates is not required by WP:CITE and is neither encouraged nor discouraged by any other Wikipedia citation guidelines. They may be used at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with the other editors on the article. Some editors find them helpful, while other editors find them annoying, particularly when used inline in the text. Because they are optional, editors should not change articles from one style to another without consensus.

See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Tools for a list of tools which can help create some of the templates below.


source template
(required)		 common usage Example 1
article text		 Example 2
article text
book {{cite book}}
title		 
{{cite book
  | last =
  | first =
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors =
  | title =
  | publisher =
  | date =
  | location =
  | pages =
  | url =
  | doi =
  | id =  }}

{{cite book
  | last = Mumford
  | first = David
  | authorlink = David Mumford
  | title = The Red Book of Vari…
  | publisher = [[Springer]]
  | date = 1999
  | pages = 198-203
  | doi = 10.1007/b62130
  | isbn = 354063293X }}

Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Springer-Verlag, 198-203. DOI:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X. 

 
{{cite book 
  | last = Cordell
  | first = Bruce R.
  | coauthors = Jeff Grubb, David Yu
  | title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
  | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
  | date = 2001
  | pages = pp. 198-203
  | month = September
  | isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}

Cordell, Bruce R.; Jeff Grubb, David Yu (2001). Manual of the Planes. Wizards of the Coast, pp. 198-203. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8. 
{{Citation}} 
{{Citation
  | last =
  | first =
  | author-link =
  | last2 =
  | first2 =
  | author2-link =
  | title =
  | place=
  | publisher =
  | year =
  | location =
  | volume =
  | edition =
  | url =
  | doi =
  | id =  }}

{{Citation
  | first = David | last = Mumford
  | author-link = David Mumford
  | title = The Red Book of Vari…
  | place = Berlin
  | publisher = Springer-Verlag
  | year = 1999
  | doi = 10.1007/b62130
  | isbn = 354063293X }}

Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 354063293X, DOI:10.1007/b62130

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
  | last2 = Grubb   | first2 = David
  | last3 = Yu      | first3 = David
  | title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
  | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
  | date = September 2001
  | year = 2001
  | isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}

Cordell, Bruce R.; David Grubb & David Yu (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Wizards of the Coast, ISBN 0-7869-1850-8
journal {{cite journal}}
Title		 
{{cite journal
  | last =
  | first =
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors =
  | title =
  | journal =
  | volume =
  | issue =
  | pages =
  | publisher =
  | date =
  | url =
  | doi =
  | id =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{cite journal
  | authorlink = Stephen Breyer
  | title = Copyright: A Rejoin…
  | journal = UCLA Law Review
  | volume = 20
  | pages = 75–83
  | date = October 1972
  | publisher = UCLA School of…}}

Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83. 

 
{{cite journal
  | last = Bailey
  | first = David H.
  | authorlink = David H. Bailey
  | coauthors = [[Peter Borwein|Borwein, P…
  | title = The Quest for Pi
  | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
  | volume = 19
  | issue = 1
  | pages = 50–57
  | date = [[1999-06-25]]
  | publisher = Springer
  | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…/pi-quest.pdf
  | format = [[PDF]]
  | id = ISSN: 0343-6993
  | accessdate = 2006-06-29 }}

Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B., and Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25). "The Quest for Pi" (PDF). Mathematical Intelligencer 19 (1): 50–57. ISSN: 0343-6993. Retrieved on 2006-06-29. 
{{Citation}}
journal (or periodical)		 
{{Citation
  | last =
  | first =
  | author-link =
  | last2 =
  | first2 =
  | author2-link =
  | title =
  | journal =
  | volume =
  | issue =
  | pages =
  | date =
  | year =
  | url =
  | doi =
  | id =  }}

{{Citation
  | last = Breyer
  | first = Stephen
  | author-link = Stephen Breyer
  | title = Copyright: A Rejoin…
  | journal = UCLA Law Review
  | volume = 20
  | pages = 75–83
  | date = October 1972
  | year = 1972 }}

Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), "Copyright: A Rejoinder", UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
  | author1-link = David H. Bailey
  | last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
  | author2-link = Peter Borwein
  | last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
  | author3-link = Jonathan M. Borwein
  | title = The Quest for Pi
  | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
  | volume = 19
  | issue = 1
  | pages = 50–57
  | date = [[1999-06-25]]
  | year = 1999
  | url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…/pi-quest.pdf
  | id = ISSN: 0343-6993 }}

Bailey, David H.; Peter Borwein & Jonathan M. Borwein (1999-06-25), "The Quest for Pi", Mathematical Intelligencer 19 (1): 50–57, ISSN: 0343-6993
conference
 report
 or paper		 {{cite conference}}
title
booktitle		 
{{cite conference
  | first =
  | last =
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors =
  | title =
  | booktitle =
  | pages =
  | publisher =
  | date =
  | location =
  | url =
  | doi =
  | id =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{cite conference
  | first = M.
  | last = Turk
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors = Pentland, A.
  | title = Face recognition usi…
  | booktitle = Proc IEEE Confer…
  | pages = 586–591
  | year = 1991 }}

Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 586–591. 

 
{{cite conference
  | last = Evans
  | first = N. R.
  | coauthors = Schaefer, G; Bond, H.; Bon…
  | title = Direct detection of the close…
  | booktitle = American Astronomical Soci…
  | place = Maui, Hawaii
  | date = [[2006-01-09]]
  | url = http://www.aas.org/…30.htm
  | accessdate = 2006-07-02 }}

Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. Retrieved on 2006-07-02. 
{{Citation}} 
{{Citation
  | first =
  | last =
  | author-link =
  | first2 =
  | last2 =
  | author2-link =
  | editor-last =
  | editor-first =
  | editor2-last =
  | editor2-first =
  | contribution =
  | contribution-url =
  | title =
  | year =
  | pages =
  | place =
  | publisher =
  | url =
  | doi =
  | id =  }}

{{Citation
  | last1 = Turk    | first1 = M.
  | last2 = Petland | first2 = A.
  | contribution = Face recognition usi…
  | title = Proc IEEE Confer…
  | publisher = IEEE
  | pages = 586–591
  | year = 1991 }}

Turk, M. & A. Petland (1991), "Face recognition using eigenfaces", Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Evans    | first1 = N. R.
  | last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
  | last3 = Bond     | first3 = H.
  | last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
  | last5 = Nelan    | first5 = E.
  | last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
  | contribution = Direct detection of the…
  | title = American Astronomical…
  | publisher = AAS
  | date = [[2006-01-09]]
  | year = 2006
  | contribution-url = http://…30.htm }}

Evans, N. R.; G. Schaefer & H. Bond et al. (2006-01-09), "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope", American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS
encyclopedia {{cite encyclopedia}}
Title
encyclopedia		 
{{cite encyclopedia
  | title =
  | encyclopedia =
  | volume =
  | pages =
  | publisher =
  | date =
  | id =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{cite encyclopedia
  | title = Kirkegaard, Ole Lund
  | encyclopedia = Grote Winkler…
  | volume = 9
  | publisher = [[Winkler Prins]]
  | date = [[1882]] }}

"Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins 9. (1882). Winkler Prins.

 
{{cite encyclopedia
  | last = Kramer
  | first = Martin
  | authorlink = Martin Kramer
  | title = Bernard Lewis
  | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Histori…
  | volume = 1
  | pages = 719–720
  | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
  | location = London
  | date = 1999
  | url = http://www.geocities.com/…wis.htm
  | accessdate = 2006-05-23 }}

Kramer, Martin. (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1: 719–720. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. Retrieved on 2006-05-23.
{{Citation}}
contribution=name of article		 
{{Citation
  | last =
  | first =
  | contribution =
  | year =
  | title =
  | editor-last =
  | editor-first =
  | volume =
  | pages =
  | place=
  | publisher =
  | id =  }}

{{Citation
  | contribution = Kirkegaard, Ole Lund
  | title = Grote Winkler Prins
  | editor-last = Winkler Prins
  | editor-first = Anthony
  | editor-link = Anthony Winkler Prins
  | volume = 9
  | publisher = Elsevier
  | year = 1882 }}

Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund", Grote Winkler Prins, vol. 9, Elsevier

 
{{Citation
  | last = Kramer
  | first = Martin
  | author-link = Martin Kramer
  | contribution = Bernard Lewis
  | editor-last = Boyd
  | editor-first = Kelley
  | title = Encyclopedia of Histori…
  | volume = 1
  | pages = 719–720
  | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
  | place = London
  | year = 1999
  | contribution-url = http://www.geo…Lewis.htm }}

Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, at 719–720
news article {{cite news}}
Title		 
{{cite news 
  | last =
  | first =
  | coauthors =
  | title =
  | work =
  | pages =
  | language =
  | publisher =
  | date =
  | url =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{cite news 
  | last = McGee
  | first = Maggie
  | title = Seabed 'scarred' by…
  | pages = 12–27
  | publisher = CNN
  | date = [[2005-02-10]]
  | url = http://www.cnn.com/200…
  | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }}

McGee, Maggie. "Seabed 'scarred' by tsunami quake", CNN, 2005-02-10, pp. 12–27. Retrieved on July 3, 2006.

 
{{cite news 
  | last = Andersen
  | first = David
  | coauthors = Witter, Lameen
  | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Ta…
  | publisher = Marine Corps News
  | date = [[2006-02-17]]
  | url = http://www.military.com/Careers/…
  | accessdate = 2006-06-02 }}

Andersen, David, Witter, Lameen. "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, 2006-02-17. Retrieved on June 2, 2006.
{{Citation}}
newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)		 
{{Citation
  | last =
  | first =
  | author-link =
  | last2 =
  | first2 =
  | author2-link =
  | title =
  | newspaper =
  | pages =
  | year =
  | date =
  | url = }}

{{Citation
 | last=Cowdery
 | first=Oliver
 | author-link=Oliver Cowdery
 | title=Letter VIII
 | newspaper=[[Latter Day Saints'…
 | volume=2
 | issue=1
 | pages=195–202
 | year=1835
 | date=October 1835
 | url=http://www.centerplace.org/…
 }}

Cowdery, Oliver (October 1835), "Letter VIII", Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 2 (1): 195–202

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Andersen | first1 = David
  | last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen
  | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Ta…
  | newspaper = Marine Corps News
  | date = [[2006-02-17]]
  | year = 2006
  | url = http://www.military.com/Careers/… }}

Andersen, David & Lameen Witter (2006-02-17), "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News
website {{cite web}}
Title		 
{{cite web
  | last =
  | first =
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors =
  | title =
  | work =
  | publisher =
  | date =
  | url =
  | format =
  | doi =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{cite web
  | last = Spiegel
  | first = Rachel
  | title = Research: Thalidomide
  | url=http://science-education…
  | accessdate = 2006-04-30 }}

Spiegel, Rachel. Research in the News: Thalidomide. Retrieved on April 30, 2006.

 
{{cite web
  | last = Hansen
  | first = James E.
  | authorlink = James Hansen
  | coauthors = R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K.…
  | title = GISS Surface Temperature Ana…
  | work =
  | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for S…
  | date = [[2005-12-15]]
  | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/giste…
  | format =
  | doi =
  | accessdate = 2006-09-28 }}

Hansen, James E.; R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo (2005-12-15). GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Retrieved on September 28, 2006.

Note: blank fields (format & doi above) will not affect the result unless the field is required.
{{Citation}}
title
url		 
{{Citation
  | last =
  | first =
  | author-link =
  | last2 =
  | first2 =
  | author2-link =
  | title =
  | date =
  | year =
  | url =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{Citation
  | last = Spiegel
  | first = Rachel
  | title = Research: Thalidomide
  | url=http://science-education…
  | access-date = 2006-04-30 }}

Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide [link accessed 2006-04-30]

 
{{Citation
  | last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E.
  | author1-link = James Hansen
  | last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
  | last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
  | last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
  | title = GISS Surface Temperature Ana…
  | date = [[2005-12-15]]
  | year = 2005
  | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/giste…
  | access-date = 2006-09-28 }}

Hansen, James E.; R. Ruedy & M. Sato et al. (2005-12-15), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation [link accessed 2006-09-28]
newsgroup
 posting
DO NOT
USE TO
VERIFY
 {{cite newsgroup}}
Title		 
{{cite newsgroup 
  | title =
  | author =
  | date =
  | newsgroup =
  | id =
  | url =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{cite newsgroup 
  | author = Gary S. Terhune
  | title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del fu…
  | date = [[2004-01-11]]
  | newsgroup = microsoft.public…
  | id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2MSF…
  | url = http://groups.google.c…
  | accessdate = 2006-05-16 }}

Gary S. Terhune (2004-01-11). "Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd". microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion. (Google Groups). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.

 
{{cite newsgroup 
  | title = How can helping "Kids in Afric…
  | author = Trodel
  | date = [[2006-06-10]]
  | newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.objec…
  | id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g2000…
  | url = http://groups.google.com/group/…
  | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }}

Trodel (2006-06-10). "How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest". humanities.philosophy.objectivism. (Google Groups). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
paper
thesis
dissertation		 {{cite paper}}
Title		 
{{cite paper
  | author =
  | title =
  | version =
  | publisher =
  | date =
  | url =
  | format =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{cite paper
  | author = Ziman, J.M., F.R.S.
  | title = Public Knowledge: An…
  | date = 1968
  | url =http://info.med.yale.edu
  | format = [[PDF]]
  | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }}

Ziman, J.M., F.R.S. (1968). "Public Knowledge: An essay concerning the social dimension of science" (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.

 
{{cite paper
  | author = Williamson, John and Zagha, R…
  | title = From the Hindu Rate of Growth…
  | version = Working Paper No 144
  | publisher = Center for Research on eco…
  | date = 2002
  | url = http://scid.stanford.edu/…144.pdf
  | format = [[PDF]]
  | accessdate = 2006-07-03 }}

Williamson, John and Zagha, Roberto (2002). "From the Hindu Rate of Growth to the Hindu Rate of Reform" (PDF). Working Paper No. 144. Center for research on economic development and policy reform. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
press release {{cite press release}}
Title		 
{{cite press release
  | title =
  | publisher =
  | date =
  | url =
  | accessdate =  }}

{{cite press release
  | title = Nature compares Wik…
  | publisher = The Wikimedia F…
  | date = [[2005-12-15]]
  | url = http://en.wikipedia.or…
  | accessdate = 2006-07-03}}

The Wikimedia Foundation (2005-12-15). Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.

 
{{cite press release
  | title = HFPA Announces Timetable for 6…
  | publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign Press…]]
  | date = [[2006-05-25]]
  | url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32
  | accessdate = 2006-06-13 }}

Hollywood Foreign Press Association (2006-05-25). HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-06-13.
video {{cite video}}
people
title		 
{{cite video
  | people =
  | title =
  | medium =
  | publisher =
  | location =
  | date =  }}

{{cite video
  | people = Al-Issawi, Omar(Dir…
  | title = [http…Harab libnan]
  | medium = TV-Series
  | publisher = Al-Issawi, Omar
  | location = Lebanon
  | date = 2001 }}

Al-Issawi, Omar (Director). Harab libnan [TV-Series]. Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar.

 
{{cite video
  | people = Dick Cavett
  | title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Ic…
  | medium = DVD
  | publisher = Shout Factory
  | date = 2005 }}

Dick Cavett. The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969) [DVD]. Shout Factory.
etc…
court case {{cite court}} 
{{cite court
  |litigants=
  |vol=
  |reporter=
  |opinion=
  |pinpoint=
  |court=
  |date=
  |url=
}}

{{cite court
  |litigants=Roe v. Wade
  |vol=410
  |reporter=U.S.
  |opinion=113
  |pinpoint=
  |court=
  |date=1973
  |url=http://www.law.cornell.edu…
}}

Roe v. Wade,  410 U.S. 113 (1973)
map {{cite map}} 
{{cite map
  |publisher=
  |title= 
  |url= 
  |edition=
  |section=
  |accessdate=
}}

{{cite map
  |publisher=Kansas Department of Transportation
  |title=Official State Transportation Map 
  |url=http://www.ksdot.org/burtransplan/maps/state-pdf/kansas0708.pdf 
  |edition=2005-2006
  |section=F9 
  |accessdate=2007-03-30
}}

Kansas Department of Transportation. Official State Transportation Map, 2005-2006 edition. Section F9. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.

 
{{cite map 
  |publisher=Skelly Oil Company 
  |title=Highway Map of Oklahoma 
  |cartography=Diversified Map Co 
  |edition=1966 
  |section=11C
}}

Skelly Oil Company. Highway Map of Oklahoma, 1966 edition. Cartography by Diversified Map Co. Section 11C.
What to type What it makes
{{Comic book reference | writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] | penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]] | inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]] | story=The Fantastic Four! | title=[[The Fantastic Four]] | volume=1 | issue=1 | date=[[November]], [[1961]] | publisher=[[Marvel Comics]] | page=3 | panel=2 }}
Notes
  • This template allows for a cartoonist field to be used instead of the individual fields if there is a sole creator, as in Bone, or an artist field if the penciller and inker is the same person.
  • The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999.
  • See the talk page for more details and field explanations.
  Lee, Stan (w),  Kirby, Jack (p),  Rule, Christopher (i). "The Fantastic Four!" The Fantastic Four v1 #1 November, 1961  Marvel Comics (3/2).
{{Comic strip reference | cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]] | strip=[[Steve Canyon]] | paper=Journal Herald | location=Dayton, OH | date=[[July 15]], [[1967]] | supplement=Color Comics Supplement | syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate | page=1 }}
Notes
 Caniff, Milton (c). Steve Canyon. Journal Herald (Dayton, OH). July 15, 1967, [Color Comics Supplement], Newspaper Syndicate: 1.
{{Editorial cartoon reference | cartoonist=[[Steve Bell|Bell, Steve]] | cartoon=The alleged al-Qaida threat to Los Angeles | paper=The Guardian | date=10 February | year=2006 | page=29 | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/cartoons/stevebell/0,,1706884,00.html}}
Notes
 Bell, Steve. "The alleged al-Qaida threat to Los Angeles",[3] The Guardian. 10 February 2006: p.29.
Harvard reference templates (Template:Harvard reference)

(for books, periodicals, contributions to edited books, etc.)

  • Books: {{Harvard reference | Surname=Turner | Given=O. | Title=History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve | Publisher=William Alling | Place=[[Rochester, New York]] | Year=1851 | URL=http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851 }}.
  • Periodicals: {{Harvard reference | Surname=Smith | Given=J. III | Authorlink=Joseph Smith III | Title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma | Journal=The Saints' Herald | Volume=26 | Issue=19 | Year=1879 | Page=289 | URL=http://www.lavazone2.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }}.
  • Chapters: {{Harvard reference | Surname=Dawson | Given=R. | Year= 1999 | Chapter=Secrets of Power Negotiating | Editor=R.J. Lewicki, D.M. Saunders & J.W. Minton | Title=Negotiation: Readings, Exercises, and Cases | Edition=3rd | Publisher=Irwin/McGraw-Hill | Place=New York | URL=http://huffingtonpost.com | Access-date=[[November 10]], [[2005]] }}.
  • Multiple authors: {{Harvard reference | Surname1=Lincoln | Given1=A. | Surname2=Washington | Given2=G. | Surname3=Adams | Given3=J. | Title=All the Presidents' Names | Publisher=The Pentagon | Place=Home Base, New York | Year=2007 }}.
  • Alternate formatting:all options same as above {{Harvrefcol|Surname=Blust|Given=R.|Year=1999|Chapter=Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics|Editors=E. Zeitoun & P.J.K Li|Edition=3rd|Title=Selected papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics|Place=Taipei|Publisher=Academia Sinica|Pages=31-94}}.
Harvard citation examples ( Template:Harvard citation)

Based on related Harvard citation template (automatically creates a one-directional link to the first matching Harvard reference on the same page):

  • {{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} (full cite format)
  • {{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}} (short format)
  • {{Harvtxt|Turner|1851}} asserts that ... (author's name part of text)
  • {{Harvnb|Smith|1879}} (no braces)
  • {{Harv|Jones|2006|loc=section 5|Ref=none}} (non-linking)
  • {{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|2007|pp=88–89}} (multi-author)

Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. Their syntax is identical to the Harvard citation template:

Notes
  • For compatibility with various author-name referencing styles, Surname and Year are mandatory.
  • If there is only one author, the parameters Surname and Given may be replaced with Last and First, respectively.
  • Template is generally compatible with Template:Cite book.
  • See also Wikipedia:Harvard citation template examples

Harvcol templates

[edit] See also

[edit] Citations for footnotes and for linking

The following examples are examples of Wikipedia:Footnotes from {{Ref/examples}} are rendered as a template in the following table. These references can be used with the citations above to create a link from the text to the references.

What to type What it makes

Linking and footnote templates

Tags attached to links in text area:

  • "{{ref}} example{{ref|reference1}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1".
  • "Deprecated {{ref_num}} example{{ref_num|reference1|1}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1", but marked in the text with the number "1" instead of an automatically generated number. NOTE: {{ref_num}} is deprecated. {{ref_label}} should be used instead.
  • "{{ref_label}} example{{ref_label|example.com|2|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "example.com". Text is marked with the number "2".

For two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would:

  • "{{ref_label}} example{{ref_label|example.com|3|a}}"
  • "{{ref_label}} example{{ref_label|example.com|3|b}}"
  • "{{ref_label}} example{{ref_label|nextexample.com|4|4}}"
  • "{{ref_harvard}} example {{ref_harvard|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "lastexample.comnone", and marked in the text with (Jones 1999).
  • "{{ref_harv}} example {{ref_harv|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "lastexample.comnone", and marked in the text with (Jones 1999).
  • "{{ref_harvard}} example {{ref_harvard|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}(a)"
  • "{{ref_harv}} example {{ref_harv|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}(a)"
  • "{{ref_harvard}} example {{ref_harvard|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}(b)"
  • "{{ref_harv}} example {{ref_harv|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}(b)"

Tags attached to links in References or Footnote section:

"#{{note|reference1}} example of {{note}}" — In References section, citation labeled "reference1".

"#{{note_label|example.com|2|none}}"— In References section, citation labeled "example.comnone". Creates backlink to matching {{ref_label}} entry in the text labeled "example.comnone".

Now, if you have two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would do:

"#{{note_label|example.com|3|a}}{{note_label|example.com|3|b}} example of {{note_label}}"

"{{note_label|nextexample.com|4|4}} example of {{note_label}}"

  • "{{note_label|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}Jones (1999) {{note_label}}" -- Note that when the 3rd unnamed parameter is specified as "none", the ^ symbol is rendered for the backlink.
  • "{{note_label|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}{{note_label|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}Smith (2000)"


In text area:

In References or Footnote section:

  1. ^  example of {{note}}
  2. ^  example of {{note_label}}
  3. a b  example of {{note_label}}

4  example of {{note_label}}

[edit] Citations of specific sources

Notes:

What to type What it makes
{{ITIS|ID=|taxon=|year=|date=}}
Talk

Genus species (TSN 123456). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed on 1 January 2004.
{{FishBase species|genus=|species=|year=|month=}}
Talk

"Genus species". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
{{FishBase species alt|ID=|taxon=|year=|month=}}
Talk

"Genus species". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
{{FishBase_genus|genus=|year=|month=}}
Talk

"Genus". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. Month Year version. N.p.: FishBase, Year.
{{FishBase family|family=|year=|month=}}
Talk

"Family". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. Month Year version. N.p.: FishBase, Year.
{{IUCN|author=|title=|year=|ID=|IUCN_Year=}}
Talk

Lastname, Firstname Initial (Year). "Title." IUCN_Year IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN IUCN_Year.
{{Gutenberg | no=6656 | name=The Kiltartan Poetry Book}}
Talk		 The Kiltartan Poetry Book, available at Project Gutenberg.
{{Citeseer | View-based and modular Eigenspaces for face recognition | pentland94viewbased }}
Talk		 View-based and modular Eigenspaces for face recognition
{{MathWorld | urlname=PetersenGraph | title=Petersen Graph}}
Talk		 Eric W. Weisstein, Petersen Graph at MathWorld.
{{ScienceWorld | urlname=biography/Einstein.html | title=Albert Einstein}}
Talk		 Eric W. Weisstein, Albert Einstein at ScienceWorld.
{{Wipipedia|Wiki_pagename_with_underscores}}
Talk		 This article incorporates text from the article on Wiki_pagename_with_underscores in Wipipedia, the free-content Fetish and BDSM encyclopedia.
The Encyclopedia of World History at Bartleby.com

{{worldhistory|section=|quote=}}
  • section – the portion between http://www.bartleby.com/67/ and .html in the URL of the page you wish to cite. For example, if I wished to cite http://www.bartleby.com/67/716.html, the section is 716.
  • quote – What do you want the first part of the included text to read. The default is Citation.

Example: {{worldhistory|section=716|quote=Diderot’s encyclopedia banned in 1751}}
Creates: Diderot’s encyclopedia banned in 1751 from The Encyclopedia of World History Sixth Edition, Peter N. Stearns (general editor), © 2001 The Houghton Mifflin Company, at Bartleby.com.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../t/e/m/Wikipedia%7ETemplate_messages_Sources_of_articles_c696.html"
In other languages