Tarbosaurus

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Tarbosaurus
Fossil range: Late Cretaceous
Tarbosaurus skeleton in University Geology and Palaentology Museum, Münster, Germany.
Tarbosaurus skeleton in University Geology and Palaentology Museum, Münster, Germany.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Superorder: Dinosauria
Order: Saurischia
Suborder: Theropoda
Family: Tyrannosauridae
Subfamily: Tyrannosaurinae
Tribe: Tyrannosaurini
Genus: Tarbosaurus
Species: T. bataar
Binomial name
Tarbosaurus bataar
Maleev, 1955
Synonyms
  • Shanshanosaurus Dong, 1977
  • Maleevosaurus Carpenter, 1992
  • Jenghizkhan Olshevsky, 1995

Tarbosaurus, meaning 'Terror Lizard' (from the Greek tarbos/ταρβος meaning 'fright', 'alarm', 'terror' (interestingly it can also mean 'awe' or 'reverence'[1]) and saurus/σαυρος meaning 'lizard'), was a member of the dinosaur family of tyrannosaurids, which flourished during the early Maastrichtian of the Late Cretaceous Period. It is closely related to the genus (and perhaps is indistinct from) Tyrannosaurus.

Contents

[edit] Discovery and species

Remains have been found in Mongolia, first being described by Evgeny Maleev (pronounced Ma-LAY-ev), in 1955, from fossils recovered in a Soviet Mongolian expedition in 1948. More recently, some teeth and parts of a large pelvis, from a possible tarbosaur, have been recovered from the late Cretaceous Subashi Formation in the Turpan Basin in China.[2] Several tarbosaur teeth have also been recovered, from the Late Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation in Guandong Province in southern China.

Tarbosaurus species

  • T. bataar (type)

Missassigned (Probable)

  • T. efremovi (actually young T. bataar)

[edit] Size

As with most dinosaurs, Tarbosaurus size estimates have varied through recent years. It could have been 10 to 14 meters long, with a weight of 4 to 5 tons.

[edit] Classification

Tarbosaurus skull
Tarbosaurus skull

Although many specimens of this genus have been found, little definite data was confirmed on the dinosaur as of 1986, though it was presumed to share many characteristics with other tyrannosaurids. The close similarities have prompted some scientists to suggest a possible link between the North American and Eurasian continents at that time, perhaps in the form of a land bridge. Tarbosaurus may have preyed upon large contemporary hadrosaurs, such as Saurolophus.

[edit] Issues with classification

Smaller specimens, retrieved on the same expedition, were described as Tarbosaurus efremovi. It is unclear if they were merely subadults of T. bataar, as thought by Rozhdestvensky, or a different species. The latest consensus is that Maleevosaurus novojilovi, Gorgosaurus lancinator, and T. efremovi are regarded as young specimens of T. bataar; for a review, see Hurum and Sabath (2003) and Currie et al. (2003). Additionally, Shanshanosaurs huoyanshanensis,[3] a partial skeleton and skull of a juvenile tyrannosaurid from the Nemegt Formation, is likely a young T. bataar.[4][5]

Opinion has been divided on this too, however, with George Olshevsky (1995) analysing Tarbosaurus efremovi as a species and genus distinct from T. bataar, leaving it requiring a new genus. Olshevsky coined the name Jenghizkhan bataar, named for Genghis Khan. The second part of the name is an accidental misspelling of the Mongolian word baatar (hero).

Others, such as Carpenter, place it in the Tyrannosaurus genus (the resulting designation would then be Tyrannosaurus bataar), as the skull seems to have many similarities with its North American cousin, Tyrannosaurus rex. Hurum and Sabath (2003), however, demonstrated that Tarbosaurus is a relative of Alioramus, and not a species of Tyrannosaurus. This was based on supporting evidence for the hypothesis that tyrannosaurids originated in Asia, and then migrated to North America.[6]

More remains from China, this time, Chingkankousaurus, named by Chung Chien Young in 1958; was then considered a nomen dubium by Dong (1992); and then synonymized subjectively with Tarbosaurus by Holtz, Jr.

[edit] Popular Culture

  • A Tarbosaurus makes an appearance in the second episode of "The Truth About Killer Dinosaurs" (2005) and also appeared in the Walking with Dinosaurs Special The Giant Claw.

Even though it is described as "Dinosaur" or "Tyrannosaurus" type, the Deadborder Zoid is actually a Tarbosaurus.

[edit] Gallery



[edit] References

  1. ^ Liddell & Scott (1980). Greek-English Lexicon, Abridged Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-910207-4. 
  2. ^ Dong Zhiming (1992). Dinosaurian Faunas of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing. ISBN 3-540-52084-8. 
  3. ^ Dong, Z. (1977). On the dinosaurian remains from Turpan, Xinjiang. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 15(1):59-66.
  4. ^ Currie, P.J. (2003). Allometric growth in tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40:651-655.
  5. ^ Holtz, Jr., T.R. (2004). Tyrannosauroidea. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, 111-136.
  6. ^ Hurum JH & Sabath K. (2003). Giant theropod dinosaurs from Asia and North America: Skulls of Tarbosaurus bataar and Tyrannosaurus rex compared. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (2), 161-190
  • Horner, John R.; Lessem, Don (1993). The Complete T. Rex./How Stunning New Discoveries Are Changing Our Understanding of the World's Most Famous Dinosaur. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-74185-3. 
  • Carr, TD (1999). Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 497-520
  • Online Abstract of preceding article
  • Holtz TR, Jr. (1994). The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: implication for theropod systematics. Journal of Paleontology 68: 1100-1117.

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../t/a/r/Tarbosaurus.html"